Economic Crises in History
Crisis↕ | Year↕ | Region↕ | Primary Cause↕ | Duration (Years)↕ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Dutch Tulip Mania | 1637 | Netherlands | Speculative bubble in tulip bulb futures | 1 |
South Sea Bubble | 1720 | United Kingdom | Stock speculation in South Sea Company | 2 |
Mississippi Bubble | 1720 | France | Overvaluation of Mississippi Company shares | 2 |
Panic of 1837 | 1837 | United States | Speculative lending and bank failures | 7 |
Long Depression | 1873 | Global | Post-railroad bubble collapse and bank failures | 23 |
Panic of 1907 | 1907 | United States | Failed copper market speculation and bank runs | 1 |
Great Depression | 1929 | Global | Stock market crash, bank failures, monetary contraction | 10 |
1973 Oil Crisis | 1973 | Global | OPEC oil embargo and quadrupling of oil prices | 2 |
1979 Energy Crisis | 1979 | Global | Iranian Revolution disrupted oil supply | 3 |
Latin American Debt Crisis | 1982 | Latin America | Excessive sovereign borrowing and rising US interest rates | 8 |
Black Monday | 1987 | Global | Computerized trading and portfolio insurance selling cascade | 1 |
Japanese Asset Bubble Burst | 1991 | Japan | Collapse of inflated real estate and stock prices | 20 |
Mexican Peso Crisis (Tequila Crisis) | 1994 | Mexico / Latin America | Sudden peso devaluation and capital flight | 2 |
Asian Financial Crisis | 1997 | East Asia | Currency speculation, hot money outflows, and pegged exchange rates | 2 |
Russian Financial Crisis | 1998 | Russia | Ruble devaluation, debt default, and oil price collapse | 2 |
Dot-com Bubble Burst | 2000 | United States / Global | Overvaluation of internet companies with no revenue | 3 |
Argentine Economic Crisis | 2001 | Argentina | Fixed exchange rate collapse and sovereign debt default | 4 |
Global Financial Crisis | 2008 | Global | Subprime mortgage collapse, bank insolvency, credit freeze | 3 |
European Sovereign Debt Crisis | 2010 | Europe | Excessive government debt in Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Spain | 5 |
Chinese Stock Market Crash | 2015 | China | Margin trading bubble and panic selling | 1 |
Turkish Currency Crisis | 2018 | Turkey | Unorthodox monetary policy, high inflation, and capital flight | 2 |
COVID-19 Recession | 2020 | Global | Pandemic lockdowns halted economic activity worldwide | 2 |
Sri Lankan Economic Crisis | 2022 | Sri Lanka | Foreign reserve depletion, debt default, and policy mismanagement | 2 |
UK Gilt Market Crisis | 2022 | United Kingdom | Unfunded tax cuts triggered bond market panic | 1 |
US Banking Crisis (SVB) | 2023 | United States | Interest rate risk, unrealized bond losses, and bank runs | 1 |
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