Types of Bonds
Bond Type↕ | Issuer↕ | Typical Yield (2025)↕ | Tax Status↕ | Risk Level↕ | Best For↕ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
US Treasury Bills | US Government | 4.3-4.7% | Federal taxable, state exempt | Minimal (risk-free benchmark) | Cash management, 4-52 week holdings |
US Treasury Notes | US Government | 4.1-4.5% | Federal taxable, state exempt | Very low | 2-10 year intermediate fixed income |
US Treasury Bonds (30Y) | US Government | 4.5-5.0% | Federal taxable, state exempt | Low credit / high duration | Long-duration liability matching |
TIPS (Inflation-Protected) | US Government | 2.0-2.3% real | Federal taxable (phantom income) | Low | Inflation hedging, hold in retirement account |
Series I Savings Bonds | US Treasury Direct | ~3.1% composite | Federal taxable, state exempt, education exemption | Minimal | Small inflation-protected savings ($10k/yr per person) |
Series EE Savings Bonds | US Treasury Direct | 2.7% fixed, doubles in 20 years | Federal taxable, state exempt | Minimal | Long-term guaranteed doubling at 20 years |
General Obligation Munis | State / local governments | 3.5-4.5% | Federal tax-free, state tax-free if resident | Low (backed by taxing power) | High-income earners in high-tax states |
Revenue Municipal Bonds | Cities / authorities | 4-5% | Federal tax-free | Low to moderate (project-dependent) | Tax-advantaged income from toll roads, airports, hospitals |
Investment-Grade Corporates | Blue-chip corporations | 5-6% | Fully taxable | Moderate (BBB to AAA) | Higher yield than Treasuries with modest credit risk |
High-Yield (Junk) Bonds | Below BBB-rated companies | 7-9% | Fully taxable | High (default risk) | Aggressive income seekers, hold in diversified fund |
Convertible Bonds | Growth companies | 3-5% | Fully taxable | Moderate (equity-linked) | Stock upside with downside bond floor |
Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS) | Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae | 5-6% | Federal taxable | Moderate (prepayment risk) | Government-backed yield above Treasuries |
Emerging Market Bonds | EM sovereigns and corporates | 7-10% | Fully taxable | High (currency and credit) | Diversification and higher yield, USD-denominated preferred |
Sovereign Foreign Bonds | Non-US governments | 1-6% (varies) | Fully taxable | Varies (currency risk) | Global fixed income diversification |
Zero-Coupon Bonds | Treasury or corporate | 4-6% | Phantom income annually taxable | Low to moderate (high duration) | Funding a known future liability like college |
Agency Bonds | FHLB, FFCB, Tennessee Valley Authority | 4.5-5.2% | Federal taxable, some state-exempt | Very low | Slightly higher yield than Treasuries, similar safety |
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