History

Revolutions and Rebellions

Name: Revolutions and Rebellions
Creator: Wikipedia

Major revolutions and rebellions throughout history.

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Date↕	Revolution/Rebellion↕	Location↕	Revolutionaries/Rebels↕	Result↕	Image↕	Ref↕
3–6	Gaetulian War	Mauretania, Roman Empire	Gaetuli	Revolt suppressed by Cossus Cornelius Lentulus
6	Judas Uprising	Judea, Roman Empire	Zealots led by Judas of Galilee	Riots against the Roman census erupt throughout the country, but others are convinced by the High Priest of Israel to obey the census.
6–9	Bellum Batonianum	Illyricum, Roman Empire	Illyrian tribes	Revolt eventually suppressed by the Romans.
9–16	Germanic revolt	Germania	Alliance of Germanic tribes, led by Arminius	The Roman legions led by Publius Quinctilius Varus were defeated in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, temporarily halting further Roman occupation and colonization.
14	Mutiny of the legions	Germania and Illyricum, Roman Empire	Roman legions	Revolt suppressed by Germanicus and Drusus Julius Caesar respectively
15–24	Tacfarinas' revolt'	Mauretania, Roman Empire	Musulamii	Revolt suppressed by Publius Cornelius Dolabella
17–23	First Red Eyebrow Rebellion	China	Red Eyebrow and Lulin rebels	Xin dynasty overthrown and the Gengshi Emperor is instated on the throne.
24–27	Second Red Eyebrow Rebellion	China	Red Eyebrow rebels	Revolt suppressed by Liu Xiu's forces and the Eastern Han dynasty is established.
21	Gaulish debtors' revolt	Gaul, Roman Empire	Treveri and Aedui	The Treveri revolt was put down by Julius Indus and the Aedui revolt was put down by Gaius Silius.
26	Thracian revolt	Odrysian kingdom	Thracians	Revolt suppressed by Gaius Poppaeus Sabinus.
28	Revolt of the Frisii	Frisia	Frisii	The Roman Empire is driven out of Frisia.
36	Revolt of the Cietae	Cappadocia, Roman Empire	Cietae	Rebellion put down by Archelaus of Cilicia.
40–43	Trung sisters' rebellion	Lĩnh Nam	Vietnamese led by the Trung Sisters	After brief end to the First Chinese domination of Vietnam, the Han dynasty reconquers the country and begins the Second Chinese domination of Vietnam.
40–44	Mauretanian revolt	Mauretania, Roman Empire	Mauri led by Aedemon and Sabalus	Revolt suppressed by Gaius Suetonius Paulinus and Gnaeus Hosidius Geta, Mauretania is annexed directly into the empire and split into the Roman provinces of Mauretania Tingitana and Mauretania Caesariensis.
42	Camillus' revolt	Dalmatia, Roman Empire	Roman legions led by Lucius Arruntius Camillus Scribonianus	Rebellion quickly collapses, Camillus flees to Vis where he takes his own life.
46–48	Jacob and Simon uprising	Galilee, Judea, Roman Empire	Zealots	Revolt suppressed, Jacob and Simon executed by Tiberius Julius Alexander.
60–61	Boudican revolt	Norfolk, Britain, Roman Empire	Celtic Britons led by Boudica	Revolt crushed by Gaius Suetonius Paulinus.
66–73	First Jewish–Roman War	Judea	Jewish people	Revolt crushed by the Roman Empire, Jerusalem and the Second Temple are destroyed in the process.
68	Vindex's Revolt	Gallia Lugdunensis, Roman Empire	Gaius Julius Vindex	Vindex was defeated in battle by Lucius Verginius Rufus and committed suicide.
69	Colchis uprising	Colchis, Roman Empire	Anicetus	Uprising put down by Roman forces.
69–70	Revolt of the Batavi	Batavia	Batavi	Revolt crushed by Quintus Petillius Cerialis and the Batavi again submitted to Roman rule, Batavia is incorporated into the Roman province of Germania Inferior.
89	Revolt of Saturninus	Germania Superior, Roman Empire	Lucius Antonius Saturninus	Revolt swiftly crushed by the Roman legions.
115–117	Kitos War	Eastern Mediterranean, Roman Empire	Zealots	Revolt crushed by the Roman legions and its leaders executed.
117	Mauretanian revolt	Mauretania, Roman Empire	Mauri	Revolt suppressed by Marcius Turbo
132–135	Bar Kokhba revolt	Judea, Roman Empire	Jewish people led by Simon bar Kokhba	All-out defeat of the Jewish rebels, followed by wide-scale persecution and genocide of Jewish people and the suppression of Jewish religious and political autonomy.
172	Bucolic war	Egypt, Roman Empire	Egyptians led by Isidorus	Revolt suppressed by Avidius Cassius
184–205	Yellow Turban Rebellion	China	Yellow Turban Army led by Zhang Jue	The uprising eventually collapsed and was fully suppressed by various warlords of the Eastern Han dynasty. However, the large devolution of power to regional warlords led to the collapse of the Han dynasty not long after.
185–205	Heishan secession	Taihang Mountain, China	Heishan bandits	The autonomous confederacy eventually surrendered to the warlord Cao Cao.
185	Roman mutiny	Britain, Roman Empire	Roman legions	Mutiny suppressed by Pertinax.
218	Battle of Antioch	Antioch, Syria, Roman Empire	Elagabalus	Elagabalus overthrows Macrinus and is installed as Roman Emperor.
225–248	Lady Triệu's uprising	Vietnam	Vietnamese led by Lady Triệu	After several months of warfare Lady Triệu was defeated and committed suicide. The Second Chinese domination of Vietnam continues.
227–228	Xincheng Rebellion	Cao Wei, China	Meng Da	The revolt was suppressed by Sima Yi, Meng Da was captured and executed.
251	Wang Ling's Rebellion	Shouchon, Cao Wei, China	Wang Ling	Wang Ling surrendered to the Wei forces and later committed suicide.
255	Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin's Rebellion	Shouchon, Cao Wei, China	Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin	Cao Wei is victorious, Guanqiu Jian is slain, Wen Qin and his family fled to Eastern Wu.
257–258	Zhuge Dan's Rebellion	Shouchon, Cao Wei, China	Zhuge Dan	Cao Wei is victorious and the Sima clan cements control over the Wei government until its eventual demise.
284–286	Gallic peasants' rebellion	Gaul, Roman Empire	Bagaudae	Rebellion crushed by Caesar Maximian, though the Bagaudae movement would persist until the Fall of the Western Roman Empire.
286–296	Carausian Revolt	Britain and northern Gaul, Roman Empire	Carausius and Allectus	Revolt suppressed, Britain and Gaul retaken.
291–306	War of the Eight Princes	China	Princes of the Sima clan	Sima Yue wins the war and gains influence over the Jin emperor, but Jin authority in northern China severely weakened.
304–316	Uprising of the Five Barbarians	North and Southwest China	Five Barbarians (Han-Zhao and Cheng-Han)	Han-Zhao victory in northern China; Cheng-Han victory in southwestern China; Fall of the Western Jin dynasty in northern China; Formation of the Eastern Jin dynasty in southern China.
293	Revolt of the Thebaid	Thebaid, Roman Empire	Busiris and Qift	Revolt suppressed by Galerius.
351–352	Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus	Syria Palaestina, Roman Empire	Jewish people	The Romans crush the revolt and destroy several Jewish cities.
398	Gildonic War	Africa, Western Roman Empire	Comes Gildo	The revolt was subdued by Flavius Stilicho.
484	Justa uprising	Samaria, Byzantine Empire	Samaritans	Uprising suppressed by Zeno, who rebuilt the church of Saint Procopius in Neapolis and banned the Samaritans from Mount Gerizim.
495	Samaritan unrest	Samaria, Byzantine Empire	Samaritans	Uprising suppressed by the Byzantines.
496	Mazdak's Revolt	Sasanian Empire	Mazdakites	Mazdak successfully converted Kavadh I, before the latter was overthrown by the nobility and the former was executed.
529–531	Ben Sabar Revolt	Samaria, Byzantine Empire	Samaritans led by Julianus ben Sabar	The forces of Justinian I quelled the revolt with the help of the Ghassanids; tens of thousands of Samaritans died or were enslaved. The Christian Byzantine Empire thereafter outlawed the Samaritan faith.
532	Nika revolt	Constantinople, Byzantine Empire	Blue and Green demes	Revolt suppressed, its participants killed and Justinian I's rule over the Byzantine empire is strengthened.
541	Vietnamese uprising	Vạn Xuân	Vietnamese led by Lý Nam Đế	The Second Chinese domination of Vietnam is brought to an end, the country declares itself independent as the Kingdom of Vạn Xuân and crowns Lý Nam Đế as the first king of the Early Lý dynasty.
556	Samaritan revolt	Samaria, Byzantine Empire	Samaritans and Jewish people	Amantius, the governor of the East was ordered to quell the revolt.
572–578	Samaritan revolt	Samaria, Byzantine Empire	Samaritans and Jewish people	Revolt suppressed, the Samaritan faith was outlawed and from a population of nearly a million, the Samaritan community dwindled to near extinction.
608–610	Heraclian revolt	Exarchate of Africa, Byzantine Empire	Heraclius the Elder	Phocas executed and Heraclius the Younger is installed as Byzantine Emperor, establishing the Heraclian dynasty.
611–617	Anti-Sui rebellions	China	Former Sui officials and peasant rebels	The Sui dynasty is overthrown, followed by the rise of rebel leader Li Yuan, founder of the Tang dynasty.
614–625	Jewish revolt against Heraclius	Palaestina Prima, Byzantine Empire	Jewish people	After Palestine was retaken by the Byzantines, Jewish people were massacred and expelled from the region.
623/624/626	Samo's rebellion	Avar Khaganate	Slavs led by Samo	Avar rule overthrown, Slavic tribes in the area unify to form Samo's Empire.
632–633	Ridda wars	Arabia, Rashidun Caliphate	Arab tribes	Rebels forced to submit to the caliphate of Abu Bakr.
656–661	First Fitna	Rashidun Caliphate	Umayyads	Hasan ibn Ali negotiates a treaty acknowledging Mu'awiya I as caliph, establishing the Umayyad Caliphate.
680	Battle of Karbala	Karbala, Umayyad caliphate	Husayn ibn Ali	The Umayyads won the battle, but later went on to suffer horribly.	—	—
680–692	Second Fitna	Umayyad Caliphate	Zubayrids, Alids and Kharijites	The Umayyad Caliphate increases its own power, restructuring the army and Arabizing and Islamizing the state bureaucracy.
696–698	Sufri revolt	Central Iraq, Umayyad Caliphate	Sufri led by Shabib ibn Yazid al-Shaybani	Defeated by the caliphate, although Sufrism continued to be practiced in Mosul.
700–703	Ibn al-Ash'ath's rebellion	Iraq, Umayyad Caliphate	Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath	Revolt suppressed by the caliphate, signalling the end of the power of the tribal nobility of Iraq, which henceforth came under the direct control of the Umayyad regime's staunchly loyal Syrian troops.
720–729	Yazid's mutiny	Basra, Umayyad Caliphate	Yazid ibn al-Muhallab	Revolt suppressed by the caliphate.
713–722	Annam uprising	Vietnam	Vietnamese led by Mai Thúc Loan	The independent kingdom was put down by a military campaign at the order of the Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, continuing the Third Chinese domination of Vietnam
734–746	Harith's rebellion	Khurasan, Umayyad Caliphate	Al-Harith ibn Surayj	Harith is killed and the rebellion crushed, although the revolt weakened Arab power in Central Asia and facilitated the beginning of the Abbasid Revolution.
740	Zaidi Revolt	Kufa, Umayyad Caliphate	Zayd ibn Ali	The Umayyad governor of Iraq managed to bribe the inhabitants of Kufa which allowed him to break the insurgence, killing Zayd in the process
740–743	Berber Revolt	Maghreb, Umayyad Caliphate	Berbers led by Maysara al-Matghari	Umayyads expelled from the Maghreb and several independent Berber states are established in the area.
744–747	Third Fitna	Umayyad Caliphate	Pro-Yaman Umayyads, Alids led by Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya, Kharijites led by Al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Shaybani	Victory of Marwan II and the pro-Qays faction in the inter-Umayyad civil war and anti-Umayyad revolts crushed, although Umayyad authority was now permanently weakened.
747–748	Ibadi revolt	South Arabia, Umayyad Caliphate	Ibadis	Umayyad victory in the Hijaz and the Yemen; though Ibadi autonomy is secured in Hadramawt.
747–750	Abbasid Revolution	Umayyad Caliphate	Abbasids	Abbasid Caliphate established, bringing an end to the privileged status for Arabs and discrimination against non-Arabs.
752–760	Mardaite revolts	Mount Lebanon and Abbasid Caliphate	Lebanese Christians and Byzantine Empire	Christian inhabitants of parts of interior and coastal Lebanon expelled and replaced with Arab tribes.
754	Abdallah's rebellion	Syria, Abbasid Caliphate	Abdallah ibn Ali	Abdallah's army is defeated by Abu Muslim.
755	Córdoban revolution	Almuñécar, al-Andalus, Abbasid Caliphate	Umayyads led by Abd al-Rahman I	Umayyads take control of al-Andalus, establishing the Emirate of Córdoba.
755–763	An Lushan Rebellion	Yan, China	An Lushan	Yan defeated by the Tang imperial forces, although the Tang dynasty was weakened.
762–763	Alid Revolt	Hejaz and Southern Iraq, Abbasid Caliphate	Alids led by Muhammad ibn Abdallah	Revolt suppressed by the caliphate, followed by a large-scaled reprisal campaign against the Alids.
772–804	Saxon Wars	Saxony	Saxons	Saxony is annexed into the Frankish empire and the Saxons are forcibly converted from Germanic paganism to Catholicism.
786	Alid revolt	Mecca, Hejaz, Abbasid Caliphate	Alids	Revolt crushed by the Abbasid army and members of the Alid house are executed. One of the Alids, Idris ibn Abdallah, fled the battlefield to the Maghreb, where he established the Idrisid dynasty.
791–802	Phùng rebellion	Vietnam	Vietnamese led by Phùng Hưng	Briefly ruled the country before the Third Chinese domination of Vietnam is reestablished.
793–796	Qays–Yaman war	Syria, Abbasid Caliphate	Qays	Revolt crushed by the Abbasids and their Yamani allies.
794–795	Al-Walid's rebellion	Jazira, Abbasid Caliphate	Kharijites led by Al-Walid ibn Tarif al-Shaybani	Yazid ibn Mazyad al-Shaybani met the rebels in battle in late 795, at al-Haditha above Hit, and defeated al-Walid in single combat, killing him and cutting off his head. Yazid also killed a large number of the Kharijites and forced the remainder to disperse, and the revolt ended in defeat.
811–838	Fourth Fitna	Abbasid Caliphate	Alids led by Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq, Qays led by Nasr ibn Shabath al-Uqayli	Al-Ma'mun takes power as Caliph, al-Sadiq is forced into exile, Qays territory is lost and Nasr surrenders to the caliphate, and the Tahirids begin their reign over Khorasan
816–837	Babak Khorramdin Revolt	Abbasid Caliphate	An uprising or revolt of Khurramites led by Babak Khorramdin against the Abbasid Caliphate in Azerbaijan.	The suppression of the uprising, Babak was captured and executed, with more than 100,000 of his followers killed.
814	al-Ribad rebellion	Guadalquivir, Emirate of Córdoba	Clerics in al-Ribad	Rebellion crushed at Al-Hakam I
821–823	Thomas the Slav's rebellion	Anatolia, Byzantine Empire	Thomas the Slav	Thomas is surrendered and executed by the Byzantines
824–836	Tunisian mutiny	Tunisia, Ifriqiya, Abbasid Caliphate	Arabs	Aghlabids put down the revolt with the help of the Berbers
822	Aristocratic rebellion	Silla	Aristocrats led by Kim Hŏn-ch'ang	The royal faction was able to regain much of the territory that Kim Hŏn-ch'ang's forces had taken. After the fall of Gongju, Kim Hŏn-ch'ang took his own life.
841–842	Umayyad rebellion	Palestine, Abbasid Caliphate	Umayyads led by Al-Mubarqa	Al-Hidari defeated al-Mubarqa's forces in a battle near Ramlah, al-Mubarqa taken prisoner and brought to the caliphal capital, Samarra, where he was thrown into prison and never heard of again.
841–845	Stellinga	Saxony, Carolingian Empire	Saxon freemen and freedmen	Revolt crushed by the Carolingians and their allies in the Saxon nobility.
845–846	Chang Pogo's mutiny	Silla	Chang Pogo	Chang Pogo assassinated by an emissary from the Silla court.
859–860	Qiu's rebellion	Zhejiang, China	Peasants led by Qiu Fu	Rebellion was suppressed by the imperial general Wang Shi.
861–876	Saffarid revolution	Sistan, Khorasan, Abbasid Caliphate	Saffarids led by Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar	al-Saffar overthrows Abbasid rule over Iran and establishes the Saffarid dynasty.
864	Alid uprising	Iraq, Abbasid Caliphate	Alids led by Yahya ibn Umar	The Alids attacked Al-Musta'in's forces, but were defeated and fled, Umar was subsequently executed.
865–866	Fifth Fitna	Iraq, Abbasid Caliphate	Al-Mu'tazz	Al-Musta'in deposed as Caliph and succeeded by Al-Mu'tazz.
866–896	Kharijite Rebellion	Jazira, Abbasid Caliphate	Kharijites	It was finally defeated after the caliph al-Mu'tadid undertook several campaigns to restore caliphal authority in the region.
869–883	Zanj Rebellion	Sawad, Abbasid Caliphate	Zanj	Revolt eventually suppressed by the Abbasids.
874–884	Qi rebellion	China	Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao	Rebellions suppressed by the Tang dynasty, which later collapsed due to the destabilization caused by the rebellion.
880–928	Bobastro rebellion	Emirate of Córdoba	Muwallads and Mozarabs led by Umar ibn Hafsun	Ibn Hafsun died in 917, his coalition then crumbled, and while his sons tried to continue the resistance, they eventually fell to Abd-ar-Rahman III, who proclaimed the Caliphate of Córdoba.
899–906	The Qarmatian Revolution	Eastern Arabia, Abbasid Caliphate	Qarmatians	Qarmatians successfully establish a republic in Eastern Arabia, becoming the most powerful force in the Persian Gulf. The Qarmatians were eventually reduced to a local power by the Abbasids in 976 and annihilated by the Seljuq-backed Uyunid Emirate in 1076.
917–924	Bulgarian–Serbian war	Balkans	Serbians led by Zaharija	Serbia is annexed into the First Bulgarian Empire.
928–932	Bithynian rebellion	Bithynia, Byzantine Empire	Basil the Copper Hand	The revolt was finally subdued by the imperial army and Basil was executed.
943–947	Ibadi Berber revolt	Ifriqiya, Fatimid Caliphate	Ibadi Berbers led by Abu Yazid	Revolt suppressed by the Fatimids, Abu Yazid captured and killed.
969–970	First rebellion of Bardas Phokas the Younger	Caesarea, Byzantine Empire	Phokas family	Rebellion extinguished by Bardas Skleros, Phokas was captured and exiled to Chios, where he stayed for 7 years.
976–979	Rebellion of Bardas Skleros	Anatolia, Byzantine Empire	Bardas Skleros	Bardas Phokas the Younger recalled from exile to put down Skleros' rebellion at the Battle of Pankaleia, Skleros seeks refuge in Baghdad.
983	Great Slav rising	Elbe, Germany, Holy Roman Empire	Polabian Slavs	Halt to Ostsiedlung.
987–989	Second Rebellion of Bardas Phokas the Younger	Anatolia, Byzantine Empire	Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros	Rebel armies surrendered after the death of Phokas.
993–995	Da Shu rebellion	Sichuan, China	Da Shu Kingdom	The Song dynasty was able to suppress the rebellion and restore their rule over the Shu region.
996	Peasants' revolt in Normandy	Normandy	Norman peasants	Suppression of the rebellion
996-998	Revolt of Tyre (996–998)	Tyre, Lebanon, Fatimid Caliphate	Tyrians and Byzantine Empire	Revolt suppressed and rebels killed or enslaved

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