History

Famous Monarchies Abolished

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Updated:4/9/2026
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Country
Year Abolished
Last Monarch
Dynasty
Cause
Notes
France (First abolition)
1792Louis XVIBourbonFrench RevolutionNational Convention declared France a republic, Louis XVI guillotined in January 1793
Portugal
1910Manuel IIBraganzaRepublican revolution5 October Revolution ended 770-year Portuguese monarchy, Manuel exiled to England
China
1912PuyiQingXinhai RevolutionSix-year-old Puyi abdicated, ended 2,000 years of imperial Chinese history
Russia
1917Nicholas IIRomanovFebruary RevolutionAbdicated amid WWI collapse, family executed by Bolsheviks at Yekaterinburg in 1918
Austria-Hungary
1918Charles I and IVHabsburgWWI defeat and dissolutionMulti-ethnic empire collapsed into successor states, Habsburgs banned from Austria
Germany
1918Wilhelm IIHohenzollernWWI defeat and revolutionKaiser abdicated and fled to Netherlands, Weimar Republic declared
Ottoman Empire
1922Mehmed VIOsmanliTurkish War of IndependenceAtaturk abolished sultanate, ending 623 years of Ottoman rule, caliphate abolished 1924
Spain (Second abolition)
1931Alfonso XIIIBourbonSecond Republic proclaimedMunicipal elections signalled loss of popular support, Alfonso left country without abdicating
Italy
1946Umberto IISavoyPost-WWII referendum54 percent voted to abolish monarchy after fascist collaboration, May King reigned just 34 days
Bulgaria
1946Simeon IISaxe-Coburg and GothaCommunist referendum9-year-old king removed by Soviet-backed plebiscite, later returned as elected prime minister
Romania
1947Michael IHohenzollern-SigmaringenCommunist pressureForced to abdicate at gunpoint by Gheorghiu-Dej, ended Romanian monarchy
Egypt
1953Fuad IIMuhammad AliFree Officers RevolutionNasser's coup forced Farouk to abdicate in favor of baby Fuad, republic declared year later
Iraq
1958Faisal IIHashemite14 July RevolutionMilitary coup killed Faisal II and royal family, ended British-backed monarchy
Greece
1973Constantine IIGluecksburgJunta referendum and 1974 confirmationAbolished twice by Greek junta then by 1974 democratic referendum after regime fell
Ethiopia
1974Haile SelassieSolomonicDerg military coupEnded a dynasty claiming descent from King Solomon, emperor died mysteriously in captivity
Iran
1979Mohammad Reza ShahPahlaviIslamic RevolutionShah fled into exile, Ayatollah Khomeini returned and declared Islamic Republic
Nepal
2008GyanendraShahConstituent Assembly voteAbolished after civil war and royal massacre of 2001, ended world's last Hindu kingdom

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