Science

Famous Science Experiments

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Experiment
Scientist
Year
Field
Key Discovery
Double-Slit Experiment
Thomas Young1801PhysicsWave nature of light demonstrated through interference patterns
Michelson-Morley Experiment
Albert Michelson & Edward Morley1887PhysicsDisproved the existence of luminiferous aether
Oil Drop Experiment
Robert Millikan1909PhysicsMeasured the charge of a single electron
Gold Foil Experiment
Ernest Rutherford1911PhysicsDiscovered the atomic nucleus
Pavlov's Dog Experiment
Ivan Pavlov1897PsychologyClassical conditioning and conditioned reflexes
Mendel's Pea Plant Experiments
Gregor Mendel1856GeneticsLaws of inheritance and dominant/recessive traits
Pasteurization Experiment
Louis Pasteur1862MicrobiologyDisproved spontaneous generation, established germ theory
Miller-Urey Experiment
Stanley Miller & Harold Urey1953ChemistryAmino acids can form from inorganic compounds under early Earth conditions
Discovery of X-Rays
Wilhelm Roentgen1895PhysicsDiscovered electromagnetic radiation capable of passing through solid objects
Cavendish Experiment
Henry Cavendish1798PhysicsFirst measurement of gravitational constant and Earth's density
Photoelectric Effect
Albert Einstein1905PhysicsLight behaves as particles (photons), launching quantum mechanics
Discovery of Penicillin
Alexander Fleming1928MicrobiologyFirst antibiotic discovered from Penicillium mold
Galvani's Frog Leg Experiment
Luigi Galvani1780BiologyAnimal electricity and bioelectricity in living tissue
Hershey-Chase Experiment
Alfred Hershey & Martha Chase1952GeneticsConfirmed DNA, not protein, is the genetic material
Newton's Prism Experiment
Isaac Newton1666OpticsWhite light is composed of a spectrum of colors
Faraday's Electromagnetic Induction
Michael Faraday1831PhysicsChanging magnetic fields induce electric current
Galileo's Inclined Plane
Galileo Galilei1604PhysicsObjects accelerate uniformly under gravity regardless of mass
Franklin's Kite Experiment
Benjamin Franklin1752PhysicsLightning is electrical in nature
Curie's Radioactivity Studies
Marie Curie1898PhysicsDiscovered polonium and radium, coined the term radioactivity
CRISPR Gene Editing
Jennifer Doudna & Emmanuelle Charpentier2012GeneticsProgrammable gene editing using bacterial immune system
Meselson-Stahl Experiment
Matthew Meselson & Franklin Stahl1958GeneticsDNA replication is semi-conservative
Hubble's Expanding Universe
Edwin Hubble1929AstronomyGalaxies are receding, proving the universe is expanding
Davisson-Germer Experiment
Clinton Davisson & Lester Germer1927PhysicsConfirmed wave-particle duality of electrons
Watson and Crick's DNA Model
James Watson & Francis Crick1953GeneticsDetermined the double-helix structure of DNA
Stern-Gerlach Experiment
Otto Stern & Walther Gerlach1922PhysicsDemonstrated quantized angular momentum (spin) of particles

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