Experiment↕ | Scientist↕ | Year↕ | Field↕ | Key Discovery↕ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Double-Slit Experiment | Thomas Young | 1801 | Physics | Wave nature of light demonstrated through interference patterns |
Michelson-Morley Experiment | Albert Michelson & Edward Morley | 1887 | Physics | Disproved the existence of luminiferous aether |
Oil Drop Experiment | Robert Millikan | 1909 | Physics | Measured the charge of a single electron |
Gold Foil Experiment | Ernest Rutherford | 1911 | Physics | Discovered the atomic nucleus |
Pavlov's Dog Experiment | Ivan Pavlov | 1897 | Psychology | Classical conditioning and conditioned reflexes |
Mendel's Pea Plant Experiments | Gregor Mendel | 1856 | Genetics | Laws of inheritance and dominant/recessive traits |
Pasteurization Experiment | Louis Pasteur | 1862 | Microbiology | Disproved spontaneous generation, established germ theory |
Miller-Urey Experiment | Stanley Miller & Harold Urey | 1953 | Chemistry | Amino acids can form from inorganic compounds under early Earth conditions |
Discovery of X-Rays | Wilhelm Roentgen | 1895 | Physics | Discovered electromagnetic radiation capable of passing through solid objects |
Cavendish Experiment | Henry Cavendish | 1798 | Physics | First measurement of gravitational constant and Earth's density |
Photoelectric Effect | Albert Einstein | 1905 | Physics | Light behaves as particles (photons), launching quantum mechanics |
Discovery of Penicillin | Alexander Fleming | 1928 | Microbiology | First antibiotic discovered from Penicillium mold |
Galvani's Frog Leg Experiment | Luigi Galvani | 1780 | Biology | Animal electricity and bioelectricity in living tissue |
Hershey-Chase Experiment | Alfred Hershey & Martha Chase | 1952 | Genetics | Confirmed DNA, not protein, is the genetic material |
Newton's Prism Experiment | Isaac Newton | 1666 | Optics | White light is composed of a spectrum of colors |
Faraday's Electromagnetic Induction | Michael Faraday | 1831 | Physics | Changing magnetic fields induce electric current |
Galileo's Inclined Plane | Galileo Galilei | 1604 | Physics | Objects accelerate uniformly under gravity regardless of mass |
Franklin's Kite Experiment | Benjamin Franklin | 1752 | Physics | Lightning is electrical in nature |
Curie's Radioactivity Studies | Marie Curie | 1898 | Physics | Discovered polonium and radium, coined the term radioactivity |
CRISPR Gene Editing | Jennifer Doudna & Emmanuelle Charpentier | 2012 | Genetics | Programmable gene editing using bacterial immune system |
Meselson-Stahl Experiment | Matthew Meselson & Franklin Stahl | 1958 | Genetics | DNA replication is semi-conservative |
Hubble's Expanding Universe | Edwin Hubble | 1929 | Astronomy | Galaxies are receding, proving the universe is expanding |
Davisson-Germer Experiment | Clinton Davisson & Lester Germer | 1927 | Physics | Confirmed wave-particle duality of electrons |
Watson and Crick's DNA Model | James Watson & Francis Crick | 1953 | Genetics | Determined the double-helix structure of DNA |
Stern-Gerlach Experiment | Otto Stern & Walther Gerlach | 1922 | Physics | Demonstrated quantized angular momentum (spin) of particles |
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