Science

Gemstones & Precious Stones

Popular gemstones and precious stones with their physical properties, primary sources, symbolism, and market value.

15 rows6 columns1 views0 downloadsSource: GIA (Gemological Institute of America)Updated: 2/18/2026
sciencegeologygemstonesmineralsjewelry
15 of 15 rows
Name
Color
Hardness (Mohs)
Primary Source Country
Symbolism
Price Range per Carat
DiamondColorless (various)10Russia / Botswana / CanadaEternal love, strength, invincibility$2,000 - $50,000+
RubyRed9Myanmar (Burma)Passion, courage, vitality$1,000 - $25,000+
SapphireBlue (various)9Sri Lanka / Myanmar / KashmirWisdom, royalty, divine favor$800 - $15,000+
EmeraldGreen7.5ColombiaRebirth, fertility, love$500 - $20,000+
AmethystPurple / Violet7Brazil / ZambiaPeace, clarity, sobriety$5 - $50
OpalIridescent (play of color)5.5AustraliaCreativity, hope, inspiration$10 - $6,000+
TopazBlue / Yellow / Pink8Brazil / NigeriaFriendship, strength, good fortune$5 - $500
TurquoiseBlue-green6Iran / United States / ChinaProtection, healing, good luck$3 - $60
GarnetRed / Green / Orange7India / Mozambique / TanzaniaEnergy, health, commitment$5 - $3,000
PeridotOlive green6.5Pakistan / Myanmar / ChinaProsperity, happiness, warmth$50 - $500
AquamarineLight blue / Blue-green7.5Brazil / Pakistan / MadagascarCourage, tranquility, safe travels$100 - $1,000
TanzaniteBlue-violet6.5TanzaniaTransformation, spiritual awareness$200 - $1,200
AlexandriteGreen (daylight) / Red (incandescent)8.5Russia / Brazil / Sri LankaBalance, confidence, joy$5,000 - $70,000+
JadeGreen (also white, lavender)6.5Myanmar / China / GuatemalaHarmony, balance, purity$5 - $3,000+
Lapis LazuliDeep blue with gold flecks5.5Afghanistan / PakistanTruth, wisdom, royalty$2 - $100
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