Revolution↕ | Year↕ | Country↕ | Key Leader(s)↕ | Outcome↕ | Known For↕ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Revolution | 1765-1783 | United States | George Washington, Thomas Jefferson | Independence from Britain; republic established | Declaration of Independence; birth of modern democracy; 'No taxation without representation' |
| French Revolution | 1789-1799 | France | Robespierre, Danton, Lafayette | Monarchy abolished; republic established; Reign of Terror | Storming of the Bastille; Declaration of Rights of Man; guillotine; led to Napoleon's rise |
| Haitian Revolution | 1791-1804 | Haiti | Toussaint Louverture, Jean-Jacques Dessalines | Independence from France; slavery abolished | Only successful slave revolt to establish a nation; first free Black republic |
| Latin American Revolutions | 1808-1826 | South America | Simon Bolivar, Jose de San Martin | Independence of multiple nations from Spain | Bolivar liberated six nations; ended Spanish colonial rule in South America |
| Russian Revolution | 1917 | Russia | Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky | Tsar overthrown; Soviet communist state established | Bolsheviks seized power; created world's first communist state; executed Romanov family |
| Chinese Communist Revolution | 1945-1949 | China | Mao Zedong | People's Republic of China established | Mao's Long March; defeated Nationalists; established communist rule over 500 million people |
| Cuban Revolution | 1953-1959 | Cuba | Fidel Castro, Che Guevara | Batista overthrown; communist state established | Guerrilla warfare from Sierra Maestra; Cold War flashpoint; Che became global icon |
| Iranian Revolution | 1978-1979 | Iran | Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini | Shah overthrown; Islamic Republic established | Only modern revolution creating a theocracy; US hostage crisis; reshaped Middle East |
| Glorious Revolution | 1688 | England | William of Orange | James II deposed; constitutional monarchy established | Bloodless revolution; English Bill of Rights 1689; parliamentary sovereignty |
| Mexican Revolution | 1910-1920 | Mexico | Emiliano Zapata, Pancho Villa, Madero | Diaz dictatorship ended; new constitution adopted | Land reform; 'Tierra y Libertad'; 1-2 million dead; modern Mexican state emerged |
| Young Turk Revolution | 1908 | Ottoman Empire | Committee of Union and Progress | Restored constitution; curtailed sultan's power | Modernization of Ottoman Empire; led to WWI entry and eventual empire collapse |
| Egyptian Revolution | 2011 | Egypt | Popular movement (no single leader) | Mubarak ousted after 30 years | Part of Arab Spring; Tahrir Square protests; social media-driven uprising |
| Velvet Revolution | 1989 | Czechoslovakia | Vaclav Havel | Communist regime peacefully overthrown | Nonviolent transition to democracy; Havel became president; inspired Eastern Europe |
| Xinhai Revolution | 1911 | China | Sun Yat-sen | Qing Dynasty overthrown; Republic of China established | Ended 2,000+ years of imperial rule in China; Sun became 'Father of the Nation' |
| Philippine People Power Revolution | 1986 | Philippines | Corazon Aquino | Marcos dictatorship ended peacefully | Millions filled EDSA highway; nonviolent; inspired democratic movements in Asia |
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