History

Countries by Formation Date

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Source:Wikipedia
Updated:2/22/2026
#countries#history#formation#nations
40 of 196
Name↕
Country↕
Continent↕
Acquisition of full sovereignty↕
Date of last subordination↕
Previous governing power↕
Historical Notes↕
Capital↕
Afghanistan
AfghanistanAsia27 May 186330 August 2021Durrani Empire United States2021–present: Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (de facto) 2004–2021: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (de jure; internationally recognized Government) 2002–2004: Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan 1996–2001: Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 2001-2021: American Occupation 1992–2002: Islamic State of Afghanistan 1987–1992: Republic of Afghanistan 1978–1987: Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 1973–1978: Republic of Afghanistan 1926–1973: Kingdom of Afghanistan 1863–1926: Emirate of AfghanistanKabul
Albania
AlbaniaEurope28 Nov 1912Nov 1944Germany1992–present: Republic of Albania 1946–92: People's Socialist Republic of Albania 1944–46: Democratic Government of Albania 1943–44: Albanian Kingdom, independent country militarly occupied by Germany 1939–43: Kingdom of Albania, a monarchy in personal union with Italy as the 1928–39: Albanian Kingdom 1925–1928: Albanian Republic 1914–1925: Principality of Albania (via Albanian Declaration of Independence) 1912–1914: Independent AlbaniaTirana
Algeria
AlgeriaAfrica3 July 19623 July 1962France1962–present: People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (via Évian Accords)Algiers
Andorra
AndorraEurope7 Sep 1278Nov 1944France1278–present: Principality of Andorra (via Paréage of Andorra; occupied by France 1812–13, 1870, 1914, 1936, 1939, 1944)Andorra la Vella
Angola
AngolaAfrica11 Nov 197511 Nov 1975Portugal1992–present: Republic of Angola1975–1992: People's Republic of Angola (via the Alvor Agreement)Luanda
Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and BarbudaThe Americas1 Nov 19811 Nov 1981United Kingdom1981–present: Antigua and Barbuda, a monarchy in personal union with the United KingdomSt. John's
Argentina
ArgentinaThe Americas25 May 18109 July 1816Spain1861–present: Argentine Republic, a federation 1831–1861: Argentine Confederation 1816–1830: United Provinces of South America 1810-1816: United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, monarchy in personal union with SpainBuenos Aires
Armenia
ArmeniaAsia/Europe23 Sep 199123 Sep 1991Soviet Union1991–present: Republic of ArmeniaYerevan
Australia
AustraliaAustralia9 Oct 19429 Oct 1942United Kingdom1942–present: Commonwealth of Australia, a Federation and a monarchy in personal union with the United KingdomCanberra
Austria
AustriaEurope10 September 191927 July 1955World War II Allies ( Allied-occupied Austria): United Kingdom United States Soviet Union France1955–present: Republic of Austria, a federation (via Austrian State Treaty)1945–55: Allied-occupied Austria1938–45: Annexed by Nazi Germany1934–38: Federal State of Austria (client state of Italy)1919–34: First Republic of Austria (via Treaty of Saint Germain)1918–19: Republic of German-Austria (via Proclamation of Charles I) (New State)Vienna
Azerbaijan
AzerbaijanAsia/Europe30 Aug 199130 Aug 1991Soviet Union Iran1991–present: Republic of AzerbaijanBaku
Bahamas
BahamasThe Americas10 July 197310 July 1973United Kingdom1973–present: Commonwealth of the Bahamas, a monarchy in personal union with the United KingdomNassau
Bahrain
BahrainAsia16 Dec 197116 Dec 1971United Kingdom1971–present: Kingdom of BahrainManama
Bangladesh
BangladeshAsia16 Dec 197116 Dec 1971Pakistan1972–present: People's Republic of Bangladesh1971–1972: Provisional Government of the People's Republic of BangladeshDhaka
Barbados
BarbadosThe Americas30 Nov 196630 Nov 1966United Kingdom2021–present: Barbados, a republican state 1966-2021: Barbados, a monarchy in personal union with the United KingdomBridgetown
Belarus
BelarusEurope25 Aug 199125 Aug 1991Soviet Union1991–present: Republic of BelarusMinsk
Belgium
BelgiumEurope4 Oct 18301945Germany1830–present: Kingdom of Belgium, a constitutional monarchy.5th may 1993–present: a federation since the fourth state reform 1830–4th May 1993: a unitary state divided into provincesBrussels
Belize
BelizeThe Americas21 Sep 198121 Sep 1981United Kingdom1981–present: Belize, a monarchy in personal union with the United KingdomBelmopan
Benin
BeninAfrica1 Aug 19601 Aug 1960France1990–present: Republic of Benin1975–1990: People's Republic of Benin 1960–1975: Republic of DahomeyPorto-Novo
Bhutan
BhutanAsia16161616Tibet1616–present: Kingdom of BhutanThimphu
Bolivia
BoliviaThe Americas6 Aug 18256 Aug 1825Spain2009–present: Plurinational State of Bolivia 1839–2009: Republic of Bolivia 1836–1839: In union with North Peru and South Peru in the Peru–Bolivian Confederation 1825–1839: Republic of BoliviaLa Paz and Sucre
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and HerzegovinaEurope3 Mar 19923 Mar 1992Yugoslavia1997–present: Bosnia and Herzegovina, a Federation 1992–1997: Republic of Bosnia and HerzegovinaSarajevo
Botswana
BotswanaAfrica30 Sep 196630 Sep 1966United Kingdom1966–present : Republic of BotswanaGaborone
Brazil
BrazilThe Americas7 Sep 182229 Aug 1825United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves1985–Present: Federative Republic of Brazil (Sixth Brazilian Republic) (a federation) 1964–1985: Federative Republic of Brazil (Military Dictatorship) (Fifth Brazilian Republic) (a federation) 1946–1964: United States of Brazil (Fourth Brazilian Republic) (a federation) 1930–1946: United States of Brazil (Vargas Era) (Second and Third Brazilian Republics) (a federation) 1889–1930: Republic of the United States of Brazil (First Brazilian Republic) (a federation) 1822–1889: Empire of Brazil (a unitary state)Brasília
Brunei
BruneiAsia1 Jan 19841 Jan 1984United Kingdom1984–present: Nation of Brunei, the Abode of PeaceBandar Seri Begawan
Bulgaria
BulgariaEurope5 Oct 19085 Oct 1908Ottoman Empire1990–present: Republic of Bulgaria 1946–1990: People's Republic of Bulgaria 1908–1946: Tsardom of Bulgaria (reunified with Eastern Rumelia where was a part of the Ottoman Empire)Sofia
Burkina Faso
Burkina FasoAfrica5 Aug 19605 Aug 1960France1984–present: Burkina Faso 1960–1984:Republic of Upper VoltaOuagadougou
Burundi
BurundiAfrica1 July 19621 July 1962Belgium1966–present: Republic of Burundi 1962–1966: Kingdom of BurundiGitega
Cambodia
CambodiaAsia9 Nov 19539 Nov 1953France United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia1993–present: Kingdom of Cambodia 1992–1993: United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia 1989–1992: State of Cambodia 1979–1989: People's Republic of Kampuchea 1975–1979: Democratic Kampuchea 1970–1975: Khmer Republic 1953–1970: Kingdom of CambodiaPhnom Penh
Cameroon
CameroonAfrica1 Jan 19601 Oct 1961France United Kingdom1972–present: Republic of Cameroon, unitary state 1961-1972: Federal Republic of Cameroon 1960-1961: Republic of Cameroon, unitary state Note:French Cameroons gained independence in 1960; added British Southern Cameroons in 1961.Iaundé
Canada
CanadaThe Americas11 Dec 193111 Dec 1931United Kingdom1982–present: Canada, a federal state and monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom, asserts its full independence from the UK by patriating its constitution. 1931–1982: Canada, a federal state and monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom (Statute of Westminster in 1931.)Ottawa
Cape Verde
Cape VerdeAfrica5 July 19755 July 1975Portugal1975–present: Republic of Cabo VerdePraia
Central African Republic
Central African RepublicAfrica13 Aug 196013 Aug 1960France1960–present: Central African RepublicBangui
Chad
ChadAfrica11 Aug 196011 Aug 1960France1960–present: Republic of ChadN'Djamena
Chile
ChileThe Americas12 Feb 181812 Feb 1818Spain1990–Present: Republic of Chile (Democracy Restored) 1973–1990: Chilean Military Dictatorship 1925–1973: Chilean Presidential Republic 1891–1925: Parliamentary Chile 1861–1891: Liberal Chile 1830–1861: Conservative Chile 1823–1830: Republic of Chile (Organization of the Republic) 1818–1823: Republic of Chile (Patria Nueva, New Fatherland)Santiago
China
ChinaAsia17 Feb 16162 Sep 1945Japan (partial occupation)1949–present: People's Republic of China 1937–1945: Japanese Invasion 1916–present: Republic of China (based in Taiwan since 1949) 1915–1916: Empire of China 1912–1915: Republic of China 1636–1912: Great Qing (informally called Chinese Empire) 1616-1636: Great Jin (New state) The PRC government in Beijing considers itself the successor of the Republic of China (1912–1949) which legally inherited the whole of China from the Qing dynasty. The ROC government in Taipei denies the legitimacy of the PRC and considers itself the sole legitimate government of the whole of China.Beijing
Colombia
ColombiaThe Americas7 Aug 18197 Aug 1819Spain1886–present: Republic of Colombia (unitary state) 1863–1886: United States of Colombia (federal state) 1858–1863: Granadine Confederation (confederal state) 1831–1858: Republic of New Granada (unitary state) 1819–1831: Republic of Colombia (Gran Colombia) (federal state)Bogotá
Comoros
ComorosAfrica6 July 19756 July 1975France2001–present:Union of the Comores, a Federation 1975–2001: Federal and Islamic Republic of ComorosMoroni
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Congo, Democratic Republic of theAfrica30 June 196030 June 1960Belgium1997–present: Democratic Republic of the Congo 1971–1997: Republic of Zaire 1964–1971: Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa) 1960–1964: Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)Kinshasa
Congo, Republic of the
Congo, Republic of theAfrica15 Aug 196015 Aug 1960France1992–present: Republic of the Congo 1969–1992: People's Republic of the Congo 1960–1969: Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville)Brazzaville

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