History
Countries by Formation Date
Sovereign states ordered by date of formation.
countrieshistoryformationnations
196 of 196 rows
Country↕ | Continent↕ | Acquisition of full sovereignty↕ | Date of last subordination↕ | Previous governing power↕ | Historical Notes↕ | Capital↕ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | Asia | 27 May 1863 | 30 August 2021 | Durrani Empire United States | 2021–present: Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (de facto) 2004–2021: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (de jure; internationally recognized Government) 2002–2004: Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan 1996–2001: Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 2001-2021: American Occupation 1992–2002: Islamic State of Afghanistan 1987–1992: Republic of Afghanistan 1978–1987: Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 1973–1978: Republic of Afghanistan 1926–1973: Kingdom of Afghanistan 1863–1926: Emirate of Afghanistan | Kabul |
| Albania | Europe | 28 Nov 1912 | Nov 1944 | Germany | 1992–present: Republic of Albania 1946–92: People's Socialist Republic of Albania 1944–46: Democratic Government of Albania 1943–44: Albanian Kingdom, independent country militarly occupied by Germany 1939–43: Kingdom of Albania, a monarchy in personal union with Italy as the 1928–39: Albanian Kingdom 1925–1928: Albanian Republic 1914–1925: Principality of Albania (via Albanian Declaration of Independence) 1912–1914: Independent Albania | Tirana |
| Algeria | Africa | 3 July 1962 | 3 July 1962 | France | 1962–present: People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (via Évian Accords) | Algiers |
| Andorra | Europe | 7 Sep 1278 | Nov 1944 | France | 1278–present: Principality of Andorra (via Paréage of Andorra; occupied by France 1812–13, 1870, 1914, 1936, 1939, 1944) | Andorra la Vella |
| Angola | Africa | 11 Nov 1975 | 11 Nov 1975 | Portugal | 1992–present: Republic of Angola1975–1992: People's Republic of Angola (via the Alvor Agreement) | Luanda |
| Antigua and Barbuda | The Americas | 1 Nov 1981 | 1 Nov 1981 | United Kingdom | 1981–present: Antigua and Barbuda, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | St. John's |
| Argentina | The Americas | 25 May 1810 | 9 July 1816 | Spain | 1861–present: Argentine Republic, a federation 1831–1861: Argentine Confederation 1816–1830: United Provinces of South America 1810-1816: United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, monarchy in personal union with Spain | Buenos Aires |
| Armenia | Asia/Europe | 23 Sep 1991 | 23 Sep 1991 | Soviet Union | 1991–present: Republic of Armenia | Yerevan |
| Australia | Australia | 9 Oct 1942 | 9 Oct 1942 | United Kingdom | 1942–present: Commonwealth of Australia, a Federation and a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | Canberra |
| Austria | Europe | 10 September 1919 | 27 July 1955 | World War II Allies ( Allied-occupied Austria): United Kingdom United States Soviet Union France | 1955–present: Republic of Austria, a federation (via Austrian State Treaty)1945–55: Allied-occupied Austria1938–45: Annexed by Nazi Germany1934–38: Federal State of Austria (client state of Italy)1919–34: First Republic of Austria (via Treaty of Saint Germain)1918–19: Republic of German-Austria (via Proclamation of Charles I) (New State) | Vienna |
| Azerbaijan | Asia/Europe | 30 Aug 1991 | 30 Aug 1991 | Soviet Union Iran | 1991–present: Republic of Azerbaijan | Baku |
| Bahamas | The Americas | 10 July 1973 | 10 July 1973 | United Kingdom | 1973–present: Commonwealth of the Bahamas, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | Nassau |
| Bahrain | Asia | 16 Dec 1971 | 16 Dec 1971 | United Kingdom | 1971–present: Kingdom of Bahrain | Manama |
| Bangladesh | Asia | 16 Dec 1971 | 16 Dec 1971 | Pakistan | 1972–present: People's Republic of Bangladesh1971–1972: Provisional Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh | Dhaka |
| Barbados | The Americas | 30 Nov 1966 | 30 Nov 1966 | United Kingdom | 2021–present: Barbados, a republican state 1966-2021: Barbados, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | Bridgetown |
| Belarus | Europe | 25 Aug 1991 | 25 Aug 1991 | Soviet Union | 1991–present: Republic of Belarus | Minsk |
| Belgium | Europe | 4 Oct 1830 | 1945 | Germany | 1830–present: Kingdom of Belgium, a constitutional monarchy.5th may 1993–present: a federation since the fourth state reform 1830–4th May 1993: a unitary state divided into provinces | Brussels |
| Belize | The Americas | 21 Sep 1981 | 21 Sep 1981 | United Kingdom | 1981–present: Belize, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | Belmopan |
| Benin | Africa | 1 Aug 1960 | 1 Aug 1960 | France | 1990–present: Republic of Benin1975–1990: People's Republic of Benin 1960–1975: Republic of Dahomey | Porto-Novo |
| Bhutan | Asia | 1616 | 1616 | Tibet | 1616–present: Kingdom of Bhutan | Thimphu |
| Bolivia | The Americas | 6 Aug 1825 | 6 Aug 1825 | Spain | 2009–present: Plurinational State of Bolivia 1839–2009: Republic of Bolivia 1836–1839: In union with North Peru and South Peru in the Peru–Bolivian Confederation 1825–1839: Republic of Bolivia | La Paz and Sucre |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europe | 3 Mar 1992 | 3 Mar 1992 | Yugoslavia | 1997–present: Bosnia and Herzegovina, a Federation 1992–1997: Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina | Sarajevo |
| Botswana | Africa | 30 Sep 1966 | 30 Sep 1966 | United Kingdom | 1966–present : Republic of Botswana | Gaborone |
| Brazil | The Americas | 7 Sep 1822 | 29 Aug 1825 | United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves | 1985–Present: Federative Republic of Brazil (Sixth Brazilian Republic) (a federation) 1964–1985: Federative Republic of Brazil (Military Dictatorship) (Fifth Brazilian Republic) (a federation) 1946–1964: United States of Brazil (Fourth Brazilian Republic) (a federation) 1930–1946: United States of Brazil (Vargas Era) (Second and Third Brazilian Republics) (a federation) 1889–1930: Republic of the United States of Brazil (First Brazilian Republic) (a federation) 1822–1889: Empire of Brazil (a unitary state) | Brasília |
| Brunei | Asia | 1 Jan 1984 | 1 Jan 1984 | United Kingdom | 1984–present: Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace | Bandar Seri Begawan |
| Bulgaria | Europe | 5 Oct 1908 | 5 Oct 1908 | Ottoman Empire | 1990–present: Republic of Bulgaria 1946–1990: People's Republic of Bulgaria 1908–1946: Tsardom of Bulgaria (reunified with Eastern Rumelia where was a part of the Ottoman Empire) | Sofia |
| Burkina Faso | Africa | 5 Aug 1960 | 5 Aug 1960 | France | 1984–present: Burkina Faso 1960–1984:Republic of Upper Volta | Ouagadougou |
| Burundi | Africa | 1 July 1962 | 1 July 1962 | Belgium | 1966–present: Republic of Burundi 1962–1966: Kingdom of Burundi | Gitega |
| Cambodia | Asia | 9 Nov 1953 | 9 Nov 1953 | France United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia | 1993–present: Kingdom of Cambodia 1992–1993: United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia 1989–1992: State of Cambodia 1979–1989: People's Republic of Kampuchea 1975–1979: Democratic Kampuchea 1970–1975: Khmer Republic 1953–1970: Kingdom of Cambodia | Phnom Penh |
| Cameroon | Africa | 1 Jan 1960 | 1 Oct 1961 | France United Kingdom | 1972–present: Republic of Cameroon, unitary state 1961-1972: Federal Republic of Cameroon 1960-1961: Republic of Cameroon, unitary state Note:French Cameroons gained independence in 1960; added British Southern Cameroons in 1961. | Iaundé |
| Canada | The Americas | 11 Dec 1931 | 11 Dec 1931 | United Kingdom | 1982–present: Canada, a federal state and monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom, asserts its full independence from the UK by patriating its constitution. 1931–1982: Canada, a federal state and monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom (Statute of Westminster in 1931.) | Ottawa |
| Cape Verde | Africa | 5 July 1975 | 5 July 1975 | Portugal | 1975–present: Republic of Cabo Verde | Praia |
| Central African Republic | Africa | 13 Aug 1960 | 13 Aug 1960 | France | 1960–present: Central African Republic | Bangui |
| Chad | Africa | 11 Aug 1960 | 11 Aug 1960 | France | 1960–present: Republic of Chad | N'Djamena |
| Chile | The Americas | 12 Feb 1818 | 12 Feb 1818 | Spain | 1990–Present: Republic of Chile (Democracy Restored) 1973–1990: Chilean Military Dictatorship 1925–1973: Chilean Presidential Republic 1891–1925: Parliamentary Chile 1861–1891: Liberal Chile 1830–1861: Conservative Chile 1823–1830: Republic of Chile (Organization of the Republic) 1818–1823: Republic of Chile (Patria Nueva, New Fatherland) | Santiago |
| China | Asia | 17 Feb 1616 | 2 Sep 1945 | Japan (partial occupation) | 1949–present: People's Republic of China 1937–1945: Japanese Invasion 1916–present: Republic of China (based in Taiwan since 1949) 1915–1916: Empire of China 1912–1915: Republic of China 1636–1912: Great Qing (informally called Chinese Empire) 1616-1636: Great Jin (New state) The PRC government in Beijing considers itself the successor of the Republic of China (1912–1949) which legally inherited the whole of China from the Qing dynasty. The ROC government in Taipei denies the legitimacy of the PRC and considers itself the sole legitimate government of the whole of China. | Beijing |
| Colombia | The Americas | 7 Aug 1819 | 7 Aug 1819 | Spain | 1886–present: Republic of Colombia (unitary state) 1863–1886: United States of Colombia (federal state) 1858–1863: Granadine Confederation (confederal state) 1831–1858: Republic of New Granada (unitary state) 1819–1831: Republic of Colombia (Gran Colombia) (federal state) | Bogotá |
| Comoros | Africa | 6 July 1975 | 6 July 1975 | France | 2001–present:Union of the Comores, a Federation 1975–2001: Federal and Islamic Republic of Comoros | Moroni |
| Congo, Democratic Republic of the | Africa | 30 June 1960 | 30 June 1960 | Belgium | 1997–present: Democratic Republic of the Congo 1971–1997: Republic of Zaire 1964–1971: Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa) 1960–1964: Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) | Kinshasa |
| Congo, Republic of the | Africa | 15 Aug 1960 | 15 Aug 1960 | France | 1992–present: Republic of the Congo 1969–1992: People's Republic of the Congo 1960–1969: Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville) | Brazzaville |
| Costa Rica | The Americas | 14 Nov 1838 | 1838 | Federal Republic of Central America | 1948–present: Republic of Costa Rica (Second) 1848–1948: First Costa Rican Republic 1838–1847: Free State of Costa Rica | San José |
| Croatia | Europe | 8 Oct 1991 | 8 Oct 1991 | Yugoslavia | 1991–present: Republic of Croatia | Zagreb |
| Cuba | The Americas | 20 May 1902 | 2 February 1909 | United States | 1959–present: Republic of Cuba, sovereign communist state 1902–1959: Republic of Cuba, sovereign capitalist state | Havana |
| Cyprus | Europe | 16 Aug 1960 | 16 Aug 1960 | United Kingdom | 1960–present: Republic of Cyprus Note: Cyprus has been divided between two ethnicities as one sovereign state: Greek Cyprus and Turkish Cyprus from 1983. | Nicosia |
| Czechia | Europe | 1 Jan 1993 | 1 Jan 1993 | Czechoslovakia | 1993–present: Czech Republic | Prague |
| Denmark | Europe | 714 | 5 May 1945 | Germany | 1864–present: Kingdom of Denmark (It consists of metropolitan Denmark (sometimes called "Denmark proper") and the realm's two autonomous (but not sovereign) regions: the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic and Greenland in North America) 1814-1864: Danish Unitary State - Kingdom of Denmark in personal union with the Duchy of Schleswig, Duchy of Holstein and Duchy of Lauenburg 1537–1814: Denmark-Norway – Kingdom of Denmark, in real union with the Kingdom of Norway, Duchy of Schleswig, and the Duchy of Holstein 1523–1537: Denmark-Norway – Kingdom of Denmark, in personal union with the Kingdom of Norway, Duchy of Schleswig, and the Duchy of Holstein 1397–1523: Kingdom of Denmark, in personal union with the Kingdom of Sweden and the Kingdom of Norway. This union was known as the Kalmar Union 714-1397: Kingdom of Denmark | Copenhagen |
| Djibouti | Africa | 27 June 1977 | 27 June 1977 | France | 1977–present: Republic of Djibouti | Djibouti |
| Dominica | The Americas | 3 Nov 1978 | 3 Nov 1978 | United Kingdom | 1978–present: Commonwealth of Dominica | Roseau |
| Dominican Republic | The Americas | 27 Feb 1844 | 27 Feb 1844 | Haiti | 1844–present: Dominican Republic | Santo Domingo |
| Ecuador | The Americas | 13 May 1830 | 13 May 1830 | Gran Colombia | 1830–present: Republic of Ecuador | Quito |
| Egypt | Africa/Asia | 28 Feb 1922 | 28 Feb 1922 | United Kingdom | 1971–present: Arab Republic of Egypt 1958–1971: United Arab Republic 1953–1958: Arab Republic of Egypt 1922–1953: Kingdom of Egypt | Cairo |
| El Salvador | The Americas | 1 Feb 1841 | 1 Feb 1841 | Federal Republic of Central America | 1982–present: Republic of El Salvador 1979–1982: Revolutionary Junta of El Salvador 1922–1979: Republic of El Salvador 1921-1922: In union with other Central American states in the Federation of Central America (confederation) 1898-1921: Republic of El Salvador 1896–1898: In union with other Central American states in the Greater Republic of Central America (confederation) 1841-1898: Republic of El Salvador | San Salvador |
| Equatorial Guinea | Africa | 12 Oct 1968 | 12 Oct 1968 | Spain | 1968–present: Republic of Equatorial Guinea | Malabo |
| Eritrea | Africa | 24 May 1993 | 24 May 1993 | Ethiopia | 1993–present: State of Eritrea | Asmara |
| Estonia | Europe | 24 Feb 1918 | 20 Aug 1991 | Soviet Union | 1991–present: Republic of Estonia 1944-1991: Estonian government-in-exile 1940–1991: Estonian Diplomatic Service and Estonian government-in-exile (Occupation by the Soviet Union (1940–1941), Germany (1941–1944) and again by the Soviet Union (1944–1991) 1918–1940: Republic of Estonia | Tallinn |
| Eswatini | Africa | 6 Sep 1968 | 6 Sep 1968 | United Kingdom | 2018–present: Kingdom of Eswatini 1968–2018: Kingdom of Swaziland | Lobamba (royal and legislative) and Mbabane (administrative) |
| Ethiopia | Africa | 1137 c. | 5 May 1941 | Italy | 1995–present: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, a federation 1991–1995: Transitional Government of Ethiopia 1987–1991: People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 1974–1987: Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia 1941–1974: Ethiopian Empire 1936–1941: Occupied by Italy 1270–1936: Ethiopian Empire c.1137–1270: Zagwe Kingdom | Addis Ababa |
| Fiji | Australia | 10 Oct 1970 | 10 Oct 1970 | United Kingdom | 1987–present: Republic of Fiji 1970–1987: Dominion of Fiji, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | Suva |
| Finland | Europe | 6 Dec 1917 | 4 Jan 1918 | Russian Empire | 1919–present: Republic of Finland 1918–1919: Kingdom of Finland 1918: Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic 1917: Republic of Finland | Helsinki |
| France | Europe | 843 | 1944 | Germany | 1958—Present: French Republic (Fifth; consisted of integral regions (five being overseas regions) and several overseas collectivities) 1946–1958: French Fourth Republic 1944–1946: Provisional Government of the French Republic 1940–1944: Free France, a government-in-exile of France, and member of the allies during WWII. 1940–1944: Occupied by Germany in WWII making Vichy France, a Nazi Puppet. 1870–1940: French Third Republic 1852–1870: Second French Empire 1848–1852: French Second Republic 1830–1848: July Monarchy 1814/5–1830: Bourbon Restoration 1804–1814/5: First French Empire 1792–1804: First French Republic 987–1792: Kingdom of France 843–987: Kingdom of West Francia (New State)(established by the Treaty of Verdun, after the dissolution of the Carolingian Empire) | Paris |
| Gabon | Africa | 17 Aug 1960 | 17 Aug 1960 | France | 1960–present: Gabonese Republic | Libreville |
| Gambia | Africa | 18 Feb 1965 | 18 Feb 1965 | United Kingdom | 1989–present: Republic of The Gambia 1982-1989: In union with Senegal in the Senegambia Confederation 1970–1982: Republic of The Gambia1965–1970: Gambia, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | Banjul |
| Georgia | Asia/Europe | 9 Apr 1991 | 9 Apr 1991 | Soviet Union | 1991–Present: Republic of Georgia | Tbilisi |
| Germany | Europe | 1 July 1867 | 15 Mar 1991 | West Berlin World War II Allies ( Allied-occupied Germany): United Kingdom United States Soviet Union France | 1990–Present: Federal Republic of Germany (Become fully sovereign after reunification with the German Democratic Republic on 15 March 1991, after the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany came into effect). 1949–1990: Federal Republic of Germany ( West Berlin was an exclave of West Germany). 1945–1949: Germany occupied between the Allies (USA, UK, France and Soviet Union) (The occupation lasted from 1945 until the ratification of Bonn–Paris conventions in 1955). 1933–1945: Nazi Germany 1918–1933: Weimar Germany (a federation) 1878–1918: German Empire (Prussia Unified in a federal monarchy with all state kingdoms of Germany, excluding Austria). 1867–1878: North German Confederation, new sovereign state and federal union of 22 German-speaking states (previously sovereign states). | Berlin |
| Greece | Europe | 25 Mar 1822 | 1945 | Bulgaria Nazi Germany Italy | 1974–Present: Third Hellenic Republic 1967–1974: : Greek Dictatorship 1944–1973: Kingdom of Greece 1941–1944: Hellenic State, a government-in-exile during the axis occupation, and member of the allies during WWII. 1935–1941: Kingdom of Greece 1924–1935: Second Hellenic Republic 1832–1924: Kingdom of Greece 1822–1832: After the War of Independence Greece declared independent as the First Hellenic Republic (New State) | Athens |
| Grenada | The Americas | 7 Feb 1974 | 7 Feb 1974 | United Kingdom | 1974–present: Grenada, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | St. George's |
| Ghana | Africa | 6 May 1957 | 6 May 1957 | United Kingdom | 1960–Present: Republic of Ghana 1957-1960: Dominion of Ghana, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | Accra |
| Guatemala | The Americas | 17 Apr 1839 | 17 Apr 1839 | Federal Republic of Central America | 1922–present: Republic of Guatemala 1921–1922: Federated state of the Federal Republic of Central America 1839–1921: Republic of Guatemala | Guatemala City |
| Guinea | Africa | 2 Oct 1958 | 2 Oct 1958 | France | 1958–present: Republic of Guinea | Conakry |
| Guinea-Bissau | Africa | 24 Sep 1973 | 10 Sep 1974 | Portugal | 1973–present: Republic of Guinea-Bissau | Bissau |
| Guyana | The Americas | 26 May 1966 | 26 May 1966 | United Kingdom | 1970–present: Co-operative Republic of Guyana1966–1970: Guyana, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | Georgetown |
| Haiti | The Americas | 1 Jan 1804 | 1 Jan 1804 | France | 1859–present: Republic of Haiti 1849–1859: Second Empire of Haiti 1820–1849: Republic of Haiti 1811–1820: Kingdom of Haiti 1806–1811: State of Haiti 1804–1806: First Empire of Haiti | Port-au-Prince |
| Honduras | The Americas | 26 October 1838 | May 1924 | United States | 1922–present: Republic of Honduras 1921–1922: In union with other Central American states in the Federation of Central America (confederation) 1898–1921: Republic of Honduras (United States has been occupied on the Honduran Land in 1903, 1907, 1911, 1912, 1919, 1924). 1896–1898: In union with other Central American states in the Greater Republic of Central America (confederation) 1838 – 1896: Republic of Honduras | Tegucigalpa |
| Hungary | Europe | 16 November 1918. | 191823 Oct 1989 | Austria-Hungary Soviet Union | 1989–present: Third Hungarian Republic 1949–1989: Hungarian People's Republic 1946–1949: Second Hungarian Republic 1920–1946: Kingdom of Hungary 1919–1920: Hungarian Republic 1919: Hungarian Soviet Republic 1918–1919: First Hungarian Republic (New State) | Budapest |
| Iceland | Europe | 1 Dec 1918 | 1 Dec 1918 | Denmark United Kingdom Canada United States | 1945–present: Republic of Iceland 1944–1945: Republic of Iceland (occupied by the United States) 1918–1944: Kingdom of Iceland, with a personal union with Denmark (Occupied by the United Kingdom and Canada in 1940 and 1941 and by the United States in 1941–1944) | Reykjavík |
| India | Asia | 15 Aug 1947 | 15 Aug 1947 | United Kingdom | 1950–present: Republic of India, a federation 1947–1950: Union of India, a federation and monarchy in a personal union with the United Kingdom | New Delhi |
| Indonesia | Asia/Australia | 17 Aug 1945 | 27 Dec 1949 | Netherlands | 1956–present: Republic of Indonesia 1950-1956: Republic of Indonesia, a republic in real union with the Netherlands in the Netherlands-Indonesia Union (confederation) 1949-1950: Republic of the United States of Indonesia, a republic in real union with the Netherlands in the Netherlands-Indonesia Union (confederation) 1945–1949: Republic of Indonesia, in a National Revolution against Netherlands | Jakarta |
| Iran | Asia | 1501 | 2 March 1946 | United Kingdom/ Soviet UnionAnglo-Soviet withdrawal from Tehran | 1980–present: Islamic Republic of Iran 1979–1980: Under an Interim Government 1925–1979: Imperial State of Iran (Anglo-Soviet occupation 1941–1946)(In 1935 the Iranian emperor Reza Shah Pahlavi officially requested that foreigners begin using the endonym "Iran" instead of Persia) 1796–1925: Guarded Domains of Persia (Qajar dynasty) 1736–1796: Guarded Domains of Persia (Afsharid dynasty) 1501–1736: Guarded Domains of Persia (Safavid dynasty) | Tehran |
| Iraq | Asia | 3 Oct 1932 | 1 May 2003 | United States United Kingdom Australia Poland | 2003–present: Republic of Iraq, a federation 2003: American Invasion 1968–2003: Iraqi Republic 1958–1968: Iraqi Republic 1958: Arab Federation of Iraq and Jordan 1932–1958: Kingdom of Iraq | Baghdad |
| Ireland | Europe | 11 Dec 1931 | 11 Dec 1931 | United Kingdom | 1948–present: Ireland (additionally described as the Republic of Ireland) (Republic of Ireland Act 1948: Ireland becomes a republic, ending the monarchy). 1937–1948: Ireland (Constitution of Ireland (1937): name change to "Ireland" (Irish: Éire), the country still was a monarchy in a personal union with Great Britain) 1931–1937: Irish Free State, monarchic state in a personal union with the United Kingdom | Dublin |
| Israel | Asia | 14 May 1948 | 14 May 1948 | United Kingdom | 1948–present: State of Israel | Jerusalem |
| Italy | Europe | 1720 | 2 May 1945 | Allies of World War II: United Kingdom United States France Canada South Africa Poland Brazil Greece | 1946–present: Italian Republic 1945–1946: Kingdom of Italy 1943–1945: Italian Social Republic, a Nazi Puppet. 1861–1943: Kingdom of Italy (Kingdom of Sardinia expands its territory and annexes the existing states on the Italian peninsula; these states become legally extinct under international law.) 1720–1861: Kingdom of Sardinia | Rome |
| Ivory Coast | Africa | 7 Aug 1960 | 7 Aug 1960 | France | 1960–present Republic of Côte d'Ivoire | Abidjan (former capital; still hosts some government offices) and Yamoussoukro (de jure) |
| Jamaica | The Americas | 6 Aug 1962 | 6 Aug 1962 | United Kingdom | 1962–present: Jamaica, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | Kingston |
| Japan | Asia | 539 | 28 Apr 1952 | World War II Allies ( Allied-occupied Japan) United States (de facto) | 1952–present: Japan (after the Treaty of San Francisco ended postwar occupation). 1945–1952: Allied-occupation of Japan with the United States and the United Kingdom in the post-war period. 1868–1945: Empire of Japan 1603–1868: Tokugawa shogunate 1568–1603: Japanese Azuchi–Momoyama 1336–1568: Ashikaga shogunate 1333–1336: Kenmu Restoration 1185–1333: Kamakura shogunate 794–1185: Heian era 710–794: Nara era 538–710: Asuka era c. 300–578: Kofun era (Era when all Japanese states merged into one in c. 400 AD). | Tokyo |
| Jordan | Asia | 25 May 1946 | 2 Aug 1958 | United Kingdom | 1958–present: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Feb–Aug 1958: In union with Iraq in the Arab Federation (confederation) 1946–1958: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan | Amman |
| Kazakhstan | Asia/Europe | 16 Dec 1991 | 16 Dec 1991 | Soviet Union | 1991–present: Republic of Kazakhstan | Astana |
| Kenya | Africa | 12 Dec 1963 | 12 Dec 1963 | United Kingdom | 1964–present: Republic of Kenya1963–1964: Kenya, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | Nairóbi |
| Kiribati | Australia | 12 July 1979 | 12 July 1979 | United Kingdom | 1979–present: Republic of Kiribati | South Tarawa |
| North Korea | Asia | 9 Sep 1948 | 9 Sep 1948 | Soviet Union | 1948–present: Democratic People's Republic of Korea (New State) | Pyongyang |
| South Korea | Asia | 15 Aug 1948 | 15 Aug 1948 | United States | 1987–present: Republic of Korea (Sixth) 1981–1987: Fifth Republic of Korea 1972–1981: Fourth Republic of Korea 1963–1972: Third Republic of Korea 1961–1963: Supreme Council for National Reconstruction 1960–1961: Second Republic of Korea 1948–1960: First Republic of Korea (New State) | Seoul |
| Kosovo | Europe | 17 February 2008 | 17 February 2008 | Serbia United Nations Administered Kosovo | 2008–present: Republic of Kosovo | Pristina |
| Kuwait | Asia | 19 June 1961 | Feb 1991 | Iraq | 1991–present: State of Kuwait 1990–1991: Kuwait Governorate, governorate of Iraq 1990: Republic of Kuwait 1961–1990: State of Kuwait | Kuwait City |
| Kyrgyzstan | Asia | 31 Aug 1991 | 31 Aug 1991 | Soviet Union | 1991–present: Kyrgyz Republic (the name "Republic of Kyrgyzstan" was adopted in 1990, changed to current in 1993) | Bishkek |
| Laos | Asia | 22 Oct 1953 | 22 Oct 1953 | France | 1975–present: Lao People's Democratic Republic 1953–1975: Kingdom of Laos | Vientiane |
| Latvia | Europe | 18 Nov 1918 | 4 May 1990 | Soviet Union | 1991–present: Republic of Latvia 1940–1991: Latvian diplomatic service in exile (Occupation by Germany (1940–1944) and later by the Soviet Union (1944–1991))1918–1940: Republic of Latvia | Riga |
| Lebanon | Asia | 22 Nov 1943 | 31 Dec 1946 | France | 1943–present: Lebanese Republic | Beirut |
| Lesotho | Africa | 4 Oct 1966 | 4 Oct 1966 | United Kingdom | 1966–present: Kingdom of Lesotho | Maseru |
| Liberia | Africa | 26 July 1847 | 26 July 1847 | American Colonization Society | 1847–present: Republic of Liberia (1980-1984: People's Redemption Council ) | Monrovia |
| Libya | Africa | 1 Mar 1949 | 24 Dec 1951 | France United Kingdom | 2011–present: State of Libya (Sometimes refer to as Libya) 1977–2011: Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (before 1986 without the word "Great" in the full name of the country) 1969–1977: Libyan Arab Republic 1963–1969: Kingdom of Libya 1951–1963: United Kingdom of Libya 1949-1951: Cyrenaica Emirate | Tripoli |
| Liechtenstein | Europe | 6 August 1806 | 6 August 1806 | Holy Roman Empire | 1806–present: Principality of Liechtenstein | Vaduz |
| Lithuania | Europe | 16 Feb 1918 | 11 Mar 1990 | Soviet Union | 1991–present: Republic of Lithuania 1940–1991: Lithuanian Diplomatic Service (Occupation by Germany (1940–1944) and later by the Soviet Union (1944–1991) 1918–1940: Republic of Lithuania 1918: Kingdom of Lithuania | Vilnius |
| Luxembourg | Europe | 15 Mar 1815 | 1945 | Germany | 1890–present: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, independent state with its own dynasty 1866–1890: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, independent state in personal union with Netherlands 1815–1866: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, independent from France in 1815 and in union with other 37 sovereign states in the German Confederation, but also in personal union with Netherlands | Luxembourg |
| Madagascar | Africa | 26 June 1960 | 26 June 1960 | France | 2014–present: Republic of Madagascar (Fourth Republic) 2009–2014: High Transitional Authority 1992–2009: Republic of Madagascar (Third Republic) 1975–1992: Democratic Republic of Madagascar 1960–1975: Malagasy Republic | Antananarivo |
| Malawi | Africa | 6 July 1964 | 6 July 1964 | United Kingdom | 1964–present: Republic of Malawi | Lilongwe |
| Malaysia | Asia | 31 Aug 1957 | 31 Aug 1957 | United Kingdom | 1963–present: Malaysia, a federation 1957-1963: Federation of Malaya Note: The Federation of Malaya gained independence in 1957; in 1963 it added territories of Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore, and changed its name to Malaysia (a federal state). Singapore became independent in 1965. | Kuala Lumpur (de jure, legislative and royal) and Putrajaya (administrative and judicial) |
| Maldives | Asia | 26 July 1965 | 26 July 1965 | United Kingdom | 1965–present: Republic of Maldives | Malé |
| Mali | Africa | 20 Aug 1960 | 20 Aug 1960 | France | 1960–present: Republic of Mali | Bamako |
| Malta | Europe | 21 Sep 1964 | 21 Sep 1964 | United Kingdom | 1974–present: Republic of Malta1964–1974: State of Malta, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | Valletta |
| Marshall Islands | Australia | 21 Oct 1986 | 21 Oct 1986 | United States | 1986–present: Republic of the Marshall Islands | Majuro |
| Mauritania | Africa | 28 Nov 1960 | 28 Nov 1960 | France | 1960–present: Islamic Republic of Mauritania | Nouakchott |
| Mauritius | Africa | 12 Mar 1968 | 12 Mar 1968 | United Kingdom | 1992–present: Republic of Mauritius 1968–1992: Mauritius, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | Port Louis |
| Mexico | The Americas | 16 Sep 1810 | 1864 | Spain | 1867–Present: United Mexican States (a federation) 1864–1867: Second Mexican Empire (a unitary state) 1846–1863: Second Federal Republic of Mexico (a federation) 1835–1846: Centralist Republic of Mexico (a federation) 1823–1824: Provisional Government of Mexico 1821–1823: First Mexican Empire (unitary state) | Mexico City |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | Australia | 3 Nov 1986 | 3 Nov 1986 | United States | 1986–present: Federated States of Micronesia, a federation | Palikir |
| Moldova | Europe | 27 Aug 1991 | 27 Aug 1991 | Soviet Union | 1991–present: Moldova | Chișinău |
| Monaco | Europe | 2 Feb 1861 | 1945 | Germany | 1911–present: Principality of Monaco | Monaco |
| Mongolia | Asia | 13 Mar 1921 | 13 Mar 1921 | Republic of China | 1990-present: Mongolia 1945-1992: Mongolian People's Republic 1924-1945: Mongolian People's Republic 1921-1924: Bogd Khanate of Mongolia | Ulaanbaatar |
| Montenegro | Europe | 4 February 2003 | 21 May 2006 (independence referendum)June 3, 2006 | Yugoslavia | 2006–present: Montenegro 2003-2006: In union with Serbia in the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (confederation) | Podgorica |
| Morocco | Africa | 7 Apr 1956 | 7 Apr 1956 | France Spain | 1956–present: Kingdom of Morocco | Rabat |
| Mozambique | Africa | 25 June 1975 | 25 June 1975 | Portugal | 1975–present: Republic of Mozambique | Maputo |
| Myanmar | Asia | 4 Jan 1948 | 4 Jan 1948 | United Kingdom | 2008–present: Republic of the Union of Myanmar1988-2008: Union of Myanmar1962-1988: Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma1948-1962: Union of Burma | Naypyidaw |
| Namibia | Africa | 21 Mar 1990 | 21 Mar 1990 | South Africa | 1990–present: Republic of Namibia | Windhoek |
| Nauru | Australia | 31 Jan 1968 | 31 Jan 1968 | Australia New Zealand United Kingdom Trust Territory of Nauru | 1968–present: Republic of Nauru | Yaren |
| Nepal | Asia | 1559 | 1559 | Khasa Kingdom | 2008–present: Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal 1768–2008: Kingdom of Nepal 1559–1768: Gorkha Kingdom | Kathmandu |
| Netherlands | Europe | 20 Nov 1813 | 1945 | Germany | 1945–present: Kingdom of the Netherlands (reestablished in 1945. Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten are the constituent countries of the Kingdom) 1940–1945: Occupied by Nazi Germany establishing as Dutch government-in-exile, a member of the allies during WWII. 1839–1940: Kingdom of the Netherlands 1815–1839: United Kingdom of the Netherlands 1813–1815: Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands (New State) | Amsterdam |
| New Zealand | Australia | 25 Nov 1947 | 25 Nov 1947 | United Kingdom | 1947–present: Realm of New Zealand, a monarchy in a personal union with the United Kingdom. (New Zealand (a sovereign state) has one Antarctic territorial claim (the Ross Dependency), one dependent territory (Tokelau), and two associated states (the Cook Islands and Niue)) | Wellington |
| Nicaragua | The Americas | 13 Nov 1838 | 2 Jan 1933 | United States of America | 1898–Present: Republic of Nicaragua 1896–1898: In union with other Central American states in the Greater Republic of Central America (confederation) 1838-1896: Republic of Nicaragua | Managua |
| Niger | Africa | 7 Aug 1960 | 7 Aug 1960 | France | 1960–present: Republic of the Niger | Niamey |
| Nigeria | Africa | 1 Oct 1960 | 1 Oct 1960 | United Kingdom | 1963–present: Federal Republic of Nigeria, a federation 1960-1963: Nigeria, a federation and monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | Abuja |
| North Macedonia | Europe | 8 Sep 1991 | 8 Sep 1991 | Yugoslavia | 2019–present: Republic of North Macedonia 1991–2019: / Republic of Macedonia (the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) | Skopje |
| Norway | Europe | 872 | 8 May 1945 | Germany | 1940–present: Kingdom of Norway 1940–1945: Occupied by Germany (Reichskommissariat). 1905–1940: Kingdom of Norway (Haakon VII elected Norwegian king in a referendum in 1905). 1814–1905: United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway. A personal union between the Kingdom of Sweden and the Kingdom of Norway. 1537–1814: Denmark-Norway – Kingdom of Norway, in real union with the Kingdom of Denmark, Duchy of Schleswig, and the Duchy of Holstein. 1523–1537: Denmark-Norway – Kingdom of Norway, in personal union with the Kingdom of Denmark, Duchy of Schleswig, and the Duchy of Holstein. 1397–1523: Kingdom of Norway, in personal union with the Kingdom of Sweden and the Kingdom of Denmark. This union was known as the Kalmar Union 872–1397: Kingdom of Norway (According to tradition, Harald Fairhair unified all the small kingdoms into one in 872 after the Battle of Hafrsfjord in Stavanger, thus becoming the first king of a united Norway. In 1163, Norway adopted its current Law of Succession) | Oslo |
| Oman | Asia | 1154 | 1976 | Dhofar War: United Kingdom Pahlavi Iran | 1970–present Oman 1856-1970: Sultanate of Muscat and Oman 1696-1856: Omani Empire 1154-1624: Imamate of Oman | Muscat |
| Pakistan | Asia | 14 Aug 1947 | 14 Aug 1947 | United Kingdom | 1956–present: Islamic Republic of Pakistan, a federation 1947–1956: Pakistan, a federation and monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | Islamabad |
| Palau | Australia | 1 Oct 1994 | 1 Oct 1994 | United States | 1994–present: Republic of Palau | Ngerulmud |
| Palestine | Asia | 15 Nov 1988Sovereignty disputed by Israel | 15 Nov 1988 | Israel | 1988–present: State of Palestine | Ramallah |
| Panama | The Americas | 3 Nov 1903 | 31 Jan 1990 | United States | 1990–present: Republic of Panama 1989–1990: American Invasion 1903–1989: Republic of Panama | Panama City |
| Papua New Guinea | Australia | 16 Sep 1975 | 16 Sep 1975 | Australia | 1975–present: Independent State of Papua New Guinea | Port Moresby |
| Paraguay | The Americas | 14 May 1811 (de facto)Nov 25, 1845 (formal declaration of Independence) | 1876 | Empire of Brazil Argentina Uruguay | 1876–present: Republic of Paraguay Occupied 1870–1876 by Brazil, in Triple Alliance with Argentina and Uruguay. 1813–1870: Republic of Paraguay 1811–1813: Province of Paraguay (de facto independent of Spain, but still de jure part of the Spanish Empire) | Asunción |
| Peru | The Americas | 28 July 1821 | 25 Aug 1839 | North Peru South Peru Río de la Plata Conservative Chile | 1839–Present: Republic of Peru 1836–1839: Divided in North Peru and South Peru, in union with Bolivia in the Peru–Bolivian Confederation 1822–1836: Republic of Peru 1821-1822: Regime of Free Departments | Lima |
| Philippines | Asia | 4 July 1946 | 4 July 1946 | United States | 1946–present: Republic of the Philippines | Manila |
| Poland | Europe | 11 November 1918 | 1945 | Germany Soviet Union | 1989–present: Republic of Poland 1947–1989: Polish People's Republic 1945–1947: Provisional Government of National Unity 1939–1990: Government of the Republic of Poland in exile 1939–1945: Occupied by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union during WWII making the Polish Underground State as an emergency state, and later in 1944 Poland was proposed to make a Government. 1918–1939: Republic of Poland | Warsaw |
| Portugal | Europe | 25 July 1139 | 30 Aug 1808 | France | 1975–present: Portuguese Republic (Third) 1974–1975: National Salvation Junta 1933–1974: Second Portuguese Republic (Estado Novo/New State) 1926–1933: Second Portuguese Republic (National Dictatorship) 1910–1926: First Portuguese Republic 1834–1910: Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves 1825-1834: Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves 1815-1825: United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (Brazil declared its independence from Portugal in 1822, but Portugal only recognized it in 1825) 1777–1834: Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves (Napoleonic era) 1640–1777: Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves 1580–1640: Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves (and its colonial empire) in a personal union with the states of the Hispanic Monarchy, this union was known as the Iberian Union 1415–1580: Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves 1139–1415: Kingdom of Portugal (Independent after the Battle of Ourique, Although it was not until 4 years later in 1143, when independence was recognized). | Lisbon |
| Qatar | Asia | 3 Sep 1971 | 3 Sep 1971 | United Kingdom | 1971–present: State of Qatar | Doha |
| Romania | Europe | 10 May 1877 | 10 May 1877 | Ottoman Empire | 1989–present: Romania1965-1989: Socialist Republic of Romania1947-1965:Romanian People's Republic1881-1947: Kingdom of Romania1878-1881:Principality of Romania | Bucharest |
| Russia | Asia/Europe | 1480 | 26 Dec 1991 (de facto)12 Dec 1993 (de jure) | Soviet Union | 1993–present: Russian Federation (a federation) 1991–1993: Russian Federation (a federation)(with the 1978 constitution. The United Nations recognizes Russia as the successor state of the USSR.) 1922–1991: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (a federation) 1918–1922: Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (a federation) 19 January 1918: Russian Democratic Federative Republic (a federation) 1917–1918: Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (a federation) 14 Sep – 7 Nov 1917: Russian Republic (a federation) 1721–1917: Russian Empire (a unitary state) 1547–1721: Tsardom of Russia 1480–1547: Grand Duchy of Moscow, sovereign and independent state | Moscow |
| Rwanda | Africa | 1 July 1962 | 1 July 1962 | Belgium | 1962–present: Republic of Rwanda | Kigali |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | The Americas | 19 Sep 1983 | 19 Sep 1983 | United Kingdom | 1983–present: Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis, a federation and monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | Basseterre |
| Saint Lucia | The Americas | 22 Feb 1979 | 22 Feb 1979 | United Kingdom | 1979–present: Saint Lucia, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | Castries |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | The Americas | 27 Oct 1979 | 27 Oct 1979 | United Kingdom | 1979–present: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | Kingstown |
| Samoa | Australia | 1 Jan 1962 | 1 Jan 1962 | New Zealand | 1962–present: Independent State of Samoa | Apia |
| San Marino | Europe | 1291 | 21 Sep 1944 | World War II Allies | 1944: Brief occupation by Germany, then Allies during Battle of San Marino 1739: Brief occupation by the Papal States 1503: Brief occupation by Rimini 1243: The people of San Marino established the positions of Captains Regent (Capitani Reggenti) as a joint heads of state Before 1243: Part of the Roman Empire 301: Traditionally said to have been founded by Saint Marinus | San Marino |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | Africa | 12 July 1975 | 12 July 1975 | Portugal | 1975-1991: Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe | São Tomé |
| Saudi Arabia | Asia | 23 Sep 1932 | 23 Sep 1932 | Sultanate of Nejd Kingdom of Hejaz Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd (real union) | 1932–present: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia | Riyadh |
| Senegal | Africa | 20 Aug 1960 | 20 Aug 1960 | France | 1989–present: Republic of The Gambia 1982-1989: In union with The Gambia in the Senegambia Confederation 1960-1982: Republic of Senegal | Dakar |
| Serbia | Europe | 13 April 1992 | 3 June 2006 | Yugoslavia Serbia and Montenegro | 2006–present: Republic of Serbia 2003–2006: Republic of Serbia, in union with Montenegro in the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (confederation and successor polity of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) 1992–2003: Republic of Serbia, federated state of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (New state) | Belgrade |
| Seychelles | Africa | 29 June 1976 | 29 June 1976 | United Kingdom | 1976–present: Republic of Seychelles | Victoria |
| Sierra Leone | Africa | 27 Apr 1961 | 27 Apr 1961 | United Kingdom | 1971–present: Republic of Sierra Leone 1961-1971: Dominion of Sierra Leone, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | Freetown |
| Singapore | Asia | 9 Aug 1965 | 9 Aug 1965 | Malaysia | 1965–present: Republic of Singapore | Singapore |
| Slovakia | Europe | 1 Jan 1993 | 1 Jan 1993 | Czechoslovakia | 1993–present: Slovak Republic | Bratislava |
| Slovenia | Europe | 25 June 1991 | 25 June 1991 | Yugoslavia | 1991–present: Republic of Slovenia | Ljubljana |
| Solomon Islands | Australia | 7 July 1978 | 7 July 1978 | United Kingdom | 1978–present: Solomon Islands, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | Honiara |
| Somalia | Africa | 1 July 1960 | 1 July 1960 | United Kingdom Italy | 2012–present: Federal Republic of Somalia, a federation 2004-2012: Transitional Federal Government of Somalia, transition from unitary state to federation 2000-2004: Transitional National Government of Somalia, a unitary state 1997-2000: Somali Republic 1991-1997: Interim Government of the Somali Republic, a unitary state 1969-1991: Somali Democratic Republic, a unitary state 1960-1969: Somali Republic, a unitary state | Mogadishu |
| South Africa | Africa | 11 Dec 1931 | 11 Dec 1931 | United Kingdom | 1961–present: Republic of South Africa (Democratization in 1994) 1931–1961: Union of South Africa, monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | Bloemfontein (judicial), Cape Town (legislative) and Pretoria (executive) |
| South Sudan | Africa | 9 July 2011 | 9 July 2011 | Sudan | 2011–present: Republic of South Sudan, a federation | Juba |
| Spain | Europe | 1479 | 1813 | France | 1982–present: Kingdom of Spain (with democracy) 1975–1982: Kingdom of Spain (restored thrice; transition to democracy) 1939–1977: Spanish Republic (government in exile) 1947: Referendum of re-establishing the Spanish Kingdom 1936–1975: Francoist Spain 1931–1939: Second Spanish Republic 1874–1931: Kingdom of Spain (restored again) 1873–1874: First Spanish Republic 1810–1873: Kingdom of Spain (restored) 1803–1810: Kingdom of Napoleonic Spain, a French occupation. 1716–1810: Kingdom of Spain 1640–1716: Hispanic Monarchy 1580–1640: Iberian Union (The states of the Hispanic Monarchy in personal union with the Kingdom of Portugal) 1516–1580: Hispanic Monarchy (after the Reconquista, two Catholic monarchies (Castile and Aragon) and among other territories such as Navarre were merged by Charles I of Spain). 1479–1516: Dynastic unification of Spain, internally divided in Crown of Castile and the Crown of Aragon | Madrid |
| Sri Lanka | Asia | 4 Feb 1948 | 4 Feb 1948 | United Kingdom | 1972–present: Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka1948–1972: Dominion of Ceylon, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | Colombo (executive, judicial) and Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (official) |
| Sudan | Africa | 1 Jan 1956 | 1 Jan 1956 | United Kingdom Egypt | 2019–present: Republic of the Sudan, a federation1985-2019: Republic of Sudan, a federation1969-1985:Democratic Republic of Sudan, a federation1956-1969: Republic of Sudan, a federation | Khartoum |
| Suriname | The Americas | 25 Nov 1975 | 25 Nov 1975 | Kingdom of the Netherlands | 1975–present: Republic of Suriname | Paramaribo |
| Sweden | Europe | 970 c. | 1523 | Kalmar Union | 1905–present: Kingdom of Sweden 1814-1905: United Kingdom of Sweden and Norway. A personal union between the Kingdom of Sweden and the Kingdom of Norway. 1523-1814: Kingdom of Sweden 1397-1523: Kingdom of Sweden, in personal union with the Kingdom of Norway and the Kingdom of Denmark. This union was known as the Kalmar Union 970-1397: Kingdom of Sweden | Stockholm |
| Switzerland | Europe | 24 Oct 1648 | 1814 | France | 1848–present: Swiss Confederation (second) 1814–1848: Swiss Confederation (in Restoration and Regeneration) with the Congress of Vienna of 1815. 1803–1814: Napoleonic Swiss Confederation, a French puppet state 1798–1803: Helvetic Republic, a French occupation 1648–1798: : Swiss Confederation(Independence fully recognized by the Peace of Westphalia | Bern |
| Syria | Asia | 28 Sep 1961 | 28 Sep 1961 | United Arab Republic | 2024–present: Syrian Arab Republic (post-Fall of Assad regime) 1963-2024: Syrian Arab Republic, under the Assad regime1961–1963: Syrian Arab Republic | Damascus |
| Tajikistan | Asia | 9 Sep 1991 | 9 Sep 1991 | Soviet Union | 1991–present: Republic of Tajikistan | Dushanbe |
| Tanzania | Africa | 26 April 1964 | 26 April 1964 | Tanganyika Zanzibar | 1964–present: United Republic of Tanzania 1964: United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar (New State) | Dodoma |
| Thailand | Asia | 4 Mar 1351 | 1945 | Japan | 1939–present: Kingdom of Thailand (The country changed its name from Siam to Thailand) 1932-1939: Kingdom of Siam 1885-1932: Kingdom of Siam 1782-1885: Rattanakosin Kingdom 1767-1782: Thonburi Kingdom 1351–1767: Ayutthaya Kingdom | Bangkok |
| Timor-Leste | Asia | 20 May 2002 | 20 May 2002 | Indonesia United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor | 2002–present: Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste | Dili |
| Togo | Africa | 27 Apr 1960 | 27 Apr 1960 | France | 1960–present: Togolese Republic | Lomé |
| Tonga | Australia | 4 June 1970 | 4 June 1970 | United Kingdom | 1970–present: Kingdom of Tonga | Nukuʻalofa |
| Trinidad and Tobago | The Americas | 31 Aug 1962 | 31 Aug 1962 | United Kingdom | 1976–present: Republic of Trinidad and Tobago1962-1976: Trinidad and Tobago, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | Port of Spain |
| Tunisia | Africa | 20 Mar 1956 | 20 Mar 1956 | France | 1957–present: Republic of Tunisia1956-1957: Kingdom of Tunisia | Tunis |
| Turkey | Asia/Europe | 1299 | 1923 | Greece Italy United Kingdom France Armenia | 1923–present: Republic of Turkey 1920–1923: Ottoman Empire, occupied by Greece, Italy, France, United Kingdom and Armenia (Treaty of Sèvres) 1299–1920: Ottoman Empire | Ankara |
| Turkmenistan | Asia | 27 Oct 1991 | 27 Oct 1991 | Soviet Union | 1991–present: Turkmenistan | Ashgabat |
| Tuvalu | Australia | 1 Oct 1978 | 1 Oct 1978 | United Kingdom | 1978–present: Tuvalu, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | Funafuti |
| Uganda | Africa | 9 Oct 1962 | 9 Oct 1962 | United Kingdom | 1963–present: Republic of Uganda1962–1963: Uganda, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | Kampala |
| Ukraine | Europe | 24 August 1991 | 24 Aug 1991 | Soviet Union | 1991–present: Ukraine | Kyiv |
| United Arab Emirates | Asia | 2 Dec 1971 | 2 Dec 1971 | United Kingdom | 1971–present: United Arab Emirates | Abu Dhabi |
| United Kingdom | Europe | 1 Jan 1801 | 1 Jan 1801 | Kingdom of Great Britain Kingdom of Ireland | 1922–present: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 1801–1922: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (New State) | London |
| United States | The Americas | 4 July 1776 | 19 Oct 1781 | Great Britain | 1776–present: United States of America, a federation | Washington, D.C. |
| Uruguay | The Americas | 27 Aug 1828 | 27 Aug 1828 | Empire of Brazil | 1830–present: Oriental Republic of Uruguay 1828–1830: Oriental State of Uruguay | Montevideo |
| Uzbekistan | Asia | 1 Sep 1991 | 1 Sep 1991 | Soviet Union | 1991–present: Republic of Uzbekistan | Tashkent |
| Vanuatu | Australia | 30 July 1980 | 30 July 1980 | United Kingdom France | 1980–present: Republic of Vanuatu | Port Vila |
| Vatican City | Europe | 11 Feb 1929 | 11 Feb 1929 | Italy | 1929–present: Vatican City State | Vatican City |
| Venezuela | The Americas | 13 Jan 1830 | 13 Jan 1830 | Gran Colombia | 1999–Present Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (a federal state, comprising twenty-three states, a capital district and the Federal Dependencies which consist in several islands in the Caribbean sea) 1953–1999: Republic of Venezuela (a federal state) 1864–1953: United States of Venezuela (a federal state) 1830–1864: State of Venezuela (a unitary state) | Caracas |
| Vietnam | Asia | 2 July 1976 | 2 July 1976 | North Vietnam South Vietnam | 1976–present: Socialist Republic of Vietnam (New State) | Hanoi |
| Yemen | Asia | 22 May 1990 | 22 May 1990 | North Yemen South Yemen | 1990–present: Republic of Yemen (New State) | Aden (de facto, temporary) and Sanaa (de jure) |
| Zambia | Africa | 24 Oct 1964 | 24 Oct 1964 | United Kingdom | 1964–present: Republic of Zambia | Lusaka |
| Zimbabwe | Africa | 11 Nov 1965 | 18 Apr 1980 | United Kingdom | 1980–present: Republic of Zimbabwe 1979-1980: Zimbabwe Rhodesia 1970-1979: Republic of Rhodesia 1965-1970: Rhodesia, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom | Harare |
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