Biggest Stock Market Crashes
Crash↕ | Year↕ | Market↕ | Decline %↕ | Duration↕ | Known For↕ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wall Street Crash | 1929 | NYSE | 86% | 34 months | Triggered the Great Depression; Dow didn't recover to pre-crash levels until 1954 |
Black Monday | 1987 | Global | 22% | 1 day | Largest single-day percentage drop in Dow history; led to circuit breaker rules |
Dot-Com Bubble Burst | 2000 | NASDAQ | 78% | 30 months | Internet stocks collapsed; NASDAQ didn't fully recover until 2015 |
2008 Financial Crisis | 2008 | Global | 57% | 17 months | Subprime mortgage collapse; Lehman Brothers bankruptcy triggered global contagion |
COVID-19 Crash | 2020 | Global | 34% | 33 days | Fastest bear market in history; also the fastest recovery fueled by stimulus |
1973-74 Stock Market Crash | 1973 | NYSE | 48% | 23 months | Oil embargo and stagflation; worst bear market between 1929 and 2008 |
Asian Financial Crisis | 1997 | Asian Markets | 60% | 13 months | Currency collapse across Thailand, Indonesia, South Korea; IMF bailouts required |
Japanese Asset Bubble | 1989 | Nikkei | 82% | 13 years | Japan's 'Lost Decade'; Nikkei 225 didn't recover to 1989 levels until 2024 |
Flash Crash | 2010 | NYSE | 9% | 36 minutes | Dow plunged 1,000 points in minutes due to algorithmic trading; recovered same day |
Black Tuesday (1929) | 1929 | NYSE | 12% | 1 day | 16 million shares traded in a single day; marked the start of the Great Depression |
Russian Financial Crisis | 1998 | MICEX | 80% | 3 months | Ruble devaluation and debt default; collapse of Long-Term Capital Management hedge fund |
European Debt Crisis | 2011 | European Markets | 30% | 5 months | Greece, Portugal, Ireland sovereign debt crisis; threatened the Euro's survival |
Chinese Stock Market Crash | 2015 | Shanghai/Shenzhen | 49% | 3 months | Wiped out $5 trillion in value; government suspended trading and banned short-selling |
2022 Bear Market | 2022 | S&P 500/NASDAQ | 27% | 10 months | Aggressive Fed rate hikes to fight inflation; tech and crypto hit hardest |
Crypto Winter | 2022 | Crypto | 77% | 13 months | Bitcoin fell from $69K to $16K; Terra/Luna and FTX collapses wiped out billions |
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