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Name↕ | No.↕ | Sultan↕ | Reign↕ | Notes↕ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Osman I | 1 | Osman I | c. 1299 – c. 1324(25 years~) | Son of Ertuğrul Bey and an unknown woman. Reigned until his death. |
Orhan | 2 | Orhan | c. 1324 – March 1362(38 years~) | Son of Osman I and Malhun Hatun (unclear). Reigned until his death. |
Murad I | 3 | Murad I | March 1362 – 15 June 1389(27 years, 3 months) | Son of Orhan and Nilüfer Hatun. Reigned until his death. Killed on the battlefield at the Battle of Kosovo on June 15, 1389. |
Bayezid I | 4 | Bayezid I | 15 June 1389 – 20 July 1402(13 years, 35 days) | Son of Murad I and Gülçiçek Hatun. Captured on the battlefield at the Battle of Ankara against Timur. Died in captivity in Akşehir on 8 March 1403. |
İsa Çelebi | — | İsa Çelebi | January – March/May 1403(3–5 months) | Co-sultan of Anatolia After the Battle of Ankara, İsa Çelebi defeated Musa Çelebi and took the western Anatolian territories for approximately two years. Defeated by Mehmed Çelebi in the Battle of Ulubad in March or May 1403. Strangled in September 1403. |
Süleyman Çelebi | — | Süleyman Çelebi | 20 July 1402 –17 February 1411(8 years, 212 days) | Acquired the title of The Sultan of Rumelia for the European portion of the empire, a short period after the Ottoman defeat at Ankara. Murdered on 17 February 1411. |
Musa Çelebi | — | Musa Çelebi | 18 February 1411 –5 July 1413(2 years, 137 days) | Acquired the title of The Sultan of Rumelia for the European portion of the empire on 18 February 1411, just after the death of Süleyman Çelebi. Killed on 5 July 1413 by Mehmed Çelebi's forces in the battle of Çamurlu Derbent near Samokov in Bulgaria. |
Mehmed Çelebi | — | Mehmed Çelebi | 1403 – 5 July 1413(10 years) | Acquired the control of Eastern Anatolia as co-Sultan after the Battle of Ankara. Defeated İsa Çelebi in the battle of Ulubat in 1405. Became the sole ruler of Anatolia upon İsa's death in 1406. Acquired the title of Ottoman Sultan Mehmed I Khan upon Musa's death. |
Mehmed I | 5 | Mehmed I | 5 July 1413 – 26 May 1421(7 years, 325 days) | Son of Bayezid I and Devlet Hatun. Reigned until his death. |
Mustafa Çelebi | — | Mustafa Çelebi | January 1419 – May 1422(3 years, 4 months) | Sultan of Rumelia Son of Bayezid I Executed by Murad II |
Murad II | 6 | Murad II | 25 June 1421 –August 1444(23 years, 1 month) | Son of Mehmed I and Emine Hatun. Abdicated of his own free will in favour of his son Mehmed II. |
Mehmed II | 7 | Mehmed II | August 1444 –September 1446(2 years, 1 month) | First reign Son of Murad II and Hüma Hatun. Surrendered the throne to his father after having asked him to return to power, along with rising threats from Janissaries. |
Bayezid II | 8 | Bayezid II | 19 May 1481 –25 April 1512(30 years, 342 days) | Son of Mehmed II and Gülbahar Hatun. Abdicated. Died near Didymoteicho on 26 May 1512. |
Cem Sultan | — | Cem Sultan | 28 May – 20 June 1481(23 days) | Son of Mehmed II Acquired the title Cem bin Mehmed Han. Died in exile |
Selim I | 9 | Selim I | 25 April 1512 –21 September 1520(8 years, 149 days) | Conquered Mamluks in 1516–1517. First Ottoman Caliph. Son of Bayezid II and Gülbahar Hatun. Reigned until his death. |
Suleiman I | 10 | Suleiman I | 30 September 1520 –6 September 1566(45 years, 341 days) | Son of Selim I and Hafsa Sultan. Died of natural causes in his tent during the Siege of Szigetvár in 1566. |
Selim II | 11 | Selim II | 29 September 1566 –15 December 1574(8 years, 77 days) | Son of Suleiman I and Hürrem Sultan. Reigned until his death. |
Murad III | 12 | Murad III | 27 December 1574 –16 January 1595(20 years, 20 days) | Son of Selim II and Nurbanu Sultan. Reigned until his death. |
Mehmed III | 13 | Mehmed III | 16 January 1595 –22 December 1603(8 years, 340 days) | Son of Murad III and Safiye Sultan. Reigned until his death |
Ahmed I | 14 | Ahmed I | 22 December 1603 –22 November 1617(13 years, 335 days) | Son of Mehmed III and Handan Sultan. Reigned until his death. |
Mustafa I | 15 | Mustafa I | 22 November 1617 –26 February 1618(96 days) | Son of Mehmed III and Halime Sultan. Deposed due to his mental instability in favour of his young nephew Osman II. |
Osman II | 16 | Osman II | 26 February 1618 –19 May 1622(4 years, 82 days) | Son of Ahmed I and Mahfiruz Hatun. Deposed in a Janissary riot on 19 May 1622. Murdered on 20 May 1622 by the Grand Vizier Kara Davud Pasha. |
Murad IV | 17 | Murad IV | 10 September 1623 –8 February 1640(16 years, 151 days) | Son of Ahmed I and Kösem Sultan. Ruled under the regency of his mother Kösem Sultan until 1632. Reigned until his death. |
Ibrahim | 18 | Ibrahim | 9 February 1640 –8 August 1648(8 years, 181 days) | Son of Ahmed I and Kösem Sultan. Deposed on 8 August 1648 in a coup led by the Sheikh ul-Islam. Strangled in Istanbul on 18 August 1648 at the behest of the Grand Vizier Mevlevî Mehmed Paşa (Sofu Mehmed Pasha). |
Mehmed IV | 19 | Mehmed IV | 8 August 1648 –8 November 1687(39 years, 92 days) | Son of Ibrahim and Turhan Sultan. Ruled under the regency of his grandmother Kösem Sultan until 1651. Ruled under the regency of his mother Turhan Sultan from 1651 until 1656. Deposed on 8 November 1687 following the Ottoman defeat at the Second Battle of Mohács. Died in Edirne on 6 January 1693. |
Suleiman II | 20 | Suleiman II | 8 November 1687 –22 June 1691(3 years, 226 days) | Son of Ibrahim and Dilaşub Sultan. Reigned until his death. |
Ahmed II | 21 | Ahmed II | 22 June 1691 –6 February 1695(3 years, 229 days) | Son of Ibrahim and Muazzez Sultan. Reigned until his death. |
Mustafa II | 22 | Mustafa II | 6 February 1695 –22 August 1703(8 years, 197 days) | Son of Mehmed IV and Gülnuş Sultan. Deposed on 22 August 1703 by a Janissary uprising known as the Edirne Event. Died in Istanbul on 8 January 1704. |
Ahmed III | 23 | Ahmed III | 22 August 1703 –1 October 1730(27 years, 40 days) | Son of Mehmed IV and Gülnuş Sultan. Deposed in consequence of the Janissary rebellion led by Patrona Halil. Died on 1 July 1736. |
Mahmud I | 24 | Mahmud I | 2 October 1730 –13 December 1754(24 years, 72 days) | Son of Mustafa II and Saliha Sultan. Reigned until his death. |
Osman III | 25 | Osman III | 13 December 1754 –30 October 1757(2 years, 321 days) | Son of Mustafa II and Şehsuvar Sultan. Reigned until his death. |
Mustafa III | 26 | Mustafa III | 30 October 1757 –21 January 1774(16 years, 83 days) | Son of Ahmed III and Mihrişah Kadın. Reigned until his death. |
Abdul Hamid I | 27 | Abdul Hamid I | 21 January 1774 –7 April 1789(15 years, 76 days) | Son of Ahmed III and Rabia Şermi Kadın. Reigned until his death. |
Selim III | 28 | Selim III | 7 April 1789 –29 May 1807(18 years, 52 days) | Son of Mustafa III and Mihrişah Sultan. Deposed as a result of the Janissary revolt led by Kabakçı Mustafa against his reforms. Assassinated in Istanbul on 28 July 1808 at the behest of Mustafa IV. |
Mustafa IV | 29 | Mustafa IV | 29 May 1807 –28 July 1808(1 year, 60 days) | Son of Abdul Hamid I and Sineperver Sultan. Deposed in an insurrection led by Alemdar Mustafa Pasha. Executed in Istanbul on 17 November 1808 by order of Mahmud II. |
Mahmud II | 30 | Mahmud II | 28 July 1808 –1 July 1839(30 years, 338 days) | Son of Abdul Hamid I and Nakşidil Sultan. Disbanded the Janissaries in consequence of the Auspicious Incident in 1826. Reigned until his death. |
Abdul Mejid I | 31 | Abdul Mejid I | 1 July 1839 –25 June 1861(21 years, 359 days) | Son of Mahmud II and Bezmiâlem Sultan. Proclaimed the Imperial Edict of Gülhane (Tanzimât Fermânı) that launched the Tanzimat period of reforms and reorganization on 3 November 1839 at the behest of reformist Grand vizier Mustafa Reşid Pasha. Accepted the Islâhat Hatt-ı Hümayun (Imperial Reform Edict) (Islâhat Fermânı) on 18 February 1856. Reigned until his death. |
Abdul Aziz | 32 | Abdul Aziz | 25 June 1861 –30 May 1876(14 years, 340 days) | Son of Mahmud II and Pertevniyal Sultan. Deposed by his ministers. Found dead (suicide or murder) five days later. |
Murad V | 33 | Murad V | 30 May – 31 August 1876(93 days) | Son of Abdulmejid I and Şevkefza Sultan. Deposed due to his ill mental health. Ordered to reside in Çırağan Palace where he died on 29 August 1904. |
Abdul Hamid II | 34 | Abdul Hamid II | 31 August 1876 –27 April 1909(32 years, 239 days) | Son of Abdulmejid I and Tirimüjgan Kadın (later became the adoptive son of Rahime Perestu Sultan). Reluctantly allowed the First Constitutional Era on 23 November 1876 and then suspended it on 13 February 1878. Forced to restore the Constitution on 3 July 1908. Deposed after the 31 March incident. Confined to Beylerbeyi Palace where he died on 10 February 1918. |
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