Technique↕ | Situation↕ | Key Steps↕ | Equipment Needed↕ | Urgency Level↕ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) | Cardiac arrest or unresponsive person not breathing | Call 911, tilt head back, 30 chest compressions at 2 inches deep, 2 rescue breaths, repeat | Pocket mask (optional), AED if available | Critical |
Heimlich Maneuver | Choking on a foreign object | Stand behind victim, place fist above navel, thrust inward and upward, repeat until object is expelled | None | Critical |
AED (Automated External Defibrillator) Use | Sudden cardiac arrest with shockable rhythm | Turn on AED, attach pads to bare chest, follow voice prompts, deliver shock if advised, resume CPR | AED device | Critical |
Wound Pressure and Bandaging | Bleeding wound or laceration | Apply direct pressure with clean cloth, elevate limb if possible, apply bandage, seek medical help if bleeding doesn't stop | Gauze pads, bandages, gloves | High |
Tourniquet Application | Severe limb bleeding that won't stop with pressure | Place tourniquet 2-3 inches above wound, tighten until bleeding stops, note time of application, do not remove | Tourniquet (commercial or improvised) | Critical |
Recovery Position | Unconscious but breathing person | Roll onto side, tilt head back to open airway, bend top knee for stability, monitor breathing | None | High |
Burn Treatment (Minor) | First or second degree burns | Cool under running water for 10-20 minutes, cover with sterile non-stick dressing, do not pop blisters or apply ice | Clean water, sterile dressing | Moderate |
Burn Treatment (Severe) | Third degree burns or large area burns | Call 911, do not remove stuck clothing, cover loosely with sterile dressing, monitor for shock | Sterile dressing, blanket | Critical |
Splinting a Fracture | Suspected bone fracture | Immobilize the joint above and below the break, pad the splint, secure with bandages, check circulation | Rigid splint material, padding, bandages | High |
Spinal Injury Management | Suspected spinal or neck injury | Do not move the person, stabilize head and neck manually, call 911, monitor breathing | None (avoid movement) | Critical |
Treating Shock | Person showing signs of shock (pale, rapid pulse, confusion) | Call 911, lay person down, elevate legs 12 inches, keep warm with blanket, do not give food or drink | Blanket | Critical |
Nosebleed Control | Active nosebleed | Sit upright and lean slightly forward, pinch soft part of nose firmly for 10-15 minutes, do not tilt head back | Tissues or gauze | Low |
Eye Flushing | Chemical splash or foreign object in eye | Flush eye with clean water for 15-20 minutes, hold eyelid open, seek medical attention for chemicals | Clean water or eyewash station | High |
Allergic Reaction (Mild) | Hives, itching, or mild swelling from allergen | Remove allergen exposure, administer antihistamine, monitor for worsening symptoms | Antihistamine (diphenhydramine) | Moderate |
Anaphylaxis Treatment | Severe allergic reaction with breathing difficulty or swelling | Call 911, administer epinephrine auto-injector into outer thigh, lay person down, begin CPR if needed | Epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen) | Critical |
Diabetic Emergency (Low Blood Sugar) | Hypoglycemia with confusion, shakiness, or unconsciousness | If conscious, give sugar (juice, candy, glucose tablets). If unconscious, do not give food — call 911, place in recovery position | Sugar source, glucagon kit if available | High |
Heat Stroke Treatment | Body temperature above 40C (104F), confusion, hot dry skin | Call 911, move to shade, remove excess clothing, cool with water and fanning, apply ice packs to neck/armpits/groin | Water, ice packs, fan | Critical |
Hypothermia Treatment | Body temperature below 35C (95F), shivering, confusion | Move to warm area, remove wet clothing, wrap in blankets, give warm drinks if conscious, do not rub skin | Blankets, warm drinks | High |
Drowning Rescue Response | Person pulled from water, not breathing | Call 911, check breathing, begin CPR immediately (start with rescue breaths), continue until help arrives | None (CPR skills) | Critical |
Insect Sting Treatment | Bee, wasp, or hornet sting | Remove stinger by scraping (don't squeeze), wash area, apply cold compress, take antihistamine, watch for anaphylaxis | Cold compress, antihistamine | Low to High (depends on allergy) |
Snake Bite First Aid | Venomous or unknown snake bite | Call 911, keep victim calm and still, immobilize bitten limb below heart, do not apply tourniquet or suck venom | None (hospital treatment needed) | Critical |
Seizure First Aid | Person having a seizure | Clear area of hazards, do not restrain or put anything in mouth, turn on side after convulsions stop, time the seizure | None | High |
Poison Ingestion Response | Suspected poisoning from ingested substance | Call Poison Control (or 911), identify substance if possible, do not induce vomiting unless directed, save container | Phone (Poison Control: 1-800-222-1222 in US) | Critical |
Wound Cleaning | Minor cuts, scrapes, or abrasions | Wash hands, rinse wound under clean running water, apply antibiotic ointment, cover with sterile bandage | Clean water, antibiotic ointment, bandage | Low |
Sprains and Strains (RICE) | Twisted ankle, pulled muscle, or joint injury | Rest the injury, apply Ice for 20 minutes, Compress with elastic bandage, Elevate above heart level | Ice pack, elastic bandage, pillow for elevation | Moderate |
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