Disorder↕ | Type↕ | Prevalence (%)↕ | Primary Symptom↕ | Treatment↕ | Age Group Affected↕ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Insomnia | insomnia | 10 | Difficulty falling or staying asleep | CBT-I, sleep hygiene, medications (short-term) | Adults (30-60) |
Obstructive Sleep Apnea | breathing | 6 | Loud snoring, breathing pauses, gasping during sleep | CPAP machine, weight loss, oral appliances | Adults (40+), overweight |
Central Sleep Apnea | breathing | 0.9 | Breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep | Adaptive servo-ventilation, treating underlying cause | Adults (65+) |
Narcolepsy Type 1 | circadian | 0.05 | Excessive daytime sleepiness with cataplexy (sudden muscle weakness) | Stimulants, sodium oxybate, scheduled naps | Teens and young adults |
Narcolepsy Type 2 | circadian | 0.02 | Excessive daytime sleepiness without cataplexy | Stimulants, wake-promoting agents | Teens and young adults |
Restless Legs Syndrome | movement | 7 | Irresistible urge to move legs, worse at rest/night | Iron supplements, dopamine agonists, lifestyle changes | Adults (40+) |
Periodic Limb Movement Disorder | movement | 4 | Repetitive leg twitching/kicking during sleep | Dopamine agonists, benzodiazepines | Adults (50+) |
Sleepwalking (Somnambulism) | parasomnia | 4 | Walking and performing activities while still asleep | Safety precautions, stress reduction, medications (if severe) | Children (4-12) |
Night Terrors | parasomnia | 6.5 | Screaming, thrashing, and intense fear during sleep | Usually resolves on its own, stress management | Children (3-12) |
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder | parasomnia | 1 | Acting out vivid dreams (punching, kicking, yelling) | Melatonin, clonazepam, safety modifications | Adults (50+), mostly male |
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder (Delayed Phase) | circadian | 3 | Falling asleep and waking much later than desired | Light therapy, melatonin, chronotherapy | Adolescents and young adults |
Shift Work Sleep Disorder | circadian | 5 | Insomnia and excessive sleepiness due to work schedule | Strategic napping, light exposure, melatonin | Shift workers (all ages) |
Sleep Bruxism | movement | 8 | Grinding or clenching teeth during sleep | Mouth guards, stress management, dental correction | Children and adults |
Nightmare Disorder | parasomnia | 4 | Frequent disturbing nightmares causing sleep disruption | Image rehearsal therapy, prazosin, stress reduction | All ages, peaks in childhood |
Hypersomnia (Idiopathic) | circadian | 0.01 | Excessive daytime sleepiness despite adequate nighttime sleep | Stimulants, wake-promoting agents, scheduled naps | Young adults (15-30) |
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