Health
Autoimmune Diseases
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Disease↕ | Affected System↕ | Prevalence↕ | Key Symptoms↕ | Treatment Type↕ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Rheumatoid Arthritis | Joints (synovial lining) | ~1% of adults worldwide | Joint pain, swelling, stiffness, fatigue | DMARDs, biologics, anti-inflammatory drugs |
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) | Multiple organs (skin, joints, kidneys, brain) | ~0.04-0.12% globally | Butterfly rash, joint pain, fatigue, kidney problems | Antimalarials, immunosuppressants, corticosteroids |
Type 1 Diabetes | Pancreas (beta cells) | ~0.1-0.3% of population | Excessive thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, fatigue | Insulin therapy, blood glucose monitoring |
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) | Central nervous system (myelin sheath) | ~0.03% globally (2.8 million people) | Numbness, vision problems, balance issues, fatigue | Disease-modifying therapies, corticosteroids, rehab |
Crohn's Disease | Gastrointestinal tract (any part) | ~0.3% in developed countries | Abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue | Biologics, immunosuppressants, surgery |
Ulcerative Colitis | Colon and rectum lining | ~0.2-0.3% in developed countries | Bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, urgency | Aminosalicylates, biologics, surgery |
Celiac Disease | Small intestine lining | ~1% of population (many undiagnosed) | Bloating, diarrhea, weight loss, nutrient deficiencies | Strict gluten-free diet |
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis | Thyroid gland | ~5% of population (most common autoimmune disease) | Fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, depression | Thyroid hormone replacement (levothyroxine) |
Graves' Disease | Thyroid gland (overactive) | ~0.5% of population | Weight loss, rapid heartbeat, bulging eyes, anxiety | Antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, surgery |
Psoriasis | Skin (accelerated cell growth) | ~2-3% of population | Red scaly patches, itching, nail changes | Topical treatments, phototherapy, biologics |
Psoriatic Arthritis | Joints and skin | ~0.1-0.25% of population | Joint pain, swelling, skin plaques, nail pitting | DMARDs, biologics, anti-inflammatory drugs |
Ankylosing Spondylitis | Spine and sacroiliac joints | ~0.1-0.5% of population | Chronic back pain, spinal stiffness, reduced flexibility | NSAIDs, biologics, physical therapy |
Sjogren's Syndrome | Moisture-producing glands (eyes, mouth) | ~0.5-1% of population | Dry eyes, dry mouth, fatigue, joint pain | Artificial tears, saliva substitutes, immunosuppressants |
Myasthenia Gravis | Neuromuscular junction | ~0.02% of population | Muscle weakness, drooping eyelids, double vision, difficulty swallowing | Cholinesterase inhibitors, immunosuppressants, thymectomy |
Addison's Disease | Adrenal glands | ~0.01% of population | Fatigue, low blood pressure, darkening skin, salt craving | Hormone replacement (cortisol and aldosterone) |
Vitiligo | Skin (melanocytes) | ~0.5-2% of population | Loss of skin color in patches | Topical corticosteroids, phototherapy, depigmentation |
Alopecia Areata | Hair follicles | ~2% of population lifetime risk | Patchy hair loss, usually on scalp | Corticosteroid injections, topical immunotherapy, JAK inhibitors |
Guillain-Barre Syndrome | Peripheral nervous system | ~0.001-0.002% per year (acute) | Rapid-onset muscle weakness, tingling, paralysis | Plasma exchange, IV immunoglobulin, supportive care |
Scleroderma | Skin and connective tissue (can affect organs) | ~0.02-0.03% of population | Skin thickening, Raynaud's phenomenon, organ fibrosis | Immunosuppressants, vasodilators, symptom management |
Primary Biliary Cholangitis | Liver (bile ducts) | ~0.02-0.04% of population | Fatigue, itching, jaundice, dry eyes and mouth | Ursodeoxycholic acid, obeticholic acid |
Polymyalgia Rheumatica | Muscles and joints (shoulders, hips) | ~0.05-0.1% of over-50 population | Sudden muscle pain and stiffness in shoulders and hips | Low-dose corticosteroids |
Pernicious Anemia | Stomach (intrinsic factor) and blood | ~0.1% of population | Fatigue, weakness, numbness, cognitive issues | Vitamin B12 injections or high-dose oral supplements |
Dermatomyositis | Muscles and skin | ~0.001% of population | Muscle weakness, distinctive skin rash, fatigue | Corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, IV immunoglobulin |
Antiphospholipid Syndrome | Blood (clotting system) | ~0.05% of population | Blood clots, recurrent miscarriage, livedo reticularis | Blood thinners (anticoagulants) |
IgA Nephropathy | Kidneys (glomeruli) | Most common glomerulonephritis worldwide | Blood in urine, protein in urine, high blood pressure | ACE inhibitors, immunosuppressants, fish oil |
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