Health

Autoimmune Diseases

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Disease
Affected System
Prevalence
Key Symptoms
Treatment Type
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Joints (synovial lining)~1% of adults worldwideJoint pain, swelling, stiffness, fatigueDMARDs, biologics, anti-inflammatory drugs
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Multiple organs (skin, joints, kidneys, brain)~0.04-0.12% globallyButterfly rash, joint pain, fatigue, kidney problemsAntimalarials, immunosuppressants, corticosteroids
Type 1 Diabetes
Pancreas (beta cells)~0.1-0.3% of populationExcessive thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, fatigueInsulin therapy, blood glucose monitoring
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Central nervous system (myelin sheath)~0.03% globally (2.8 million people)Numbness, vision problems, balance issues, fatigueDisease-modifying therapies, corticosteroids, rehab
Crohn's Disease
Gastrointestinal tract (any part)~0.3% in developed countriesAbdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, fatigueBiologics, immunosuppressants, surgery
Ulcerative Colitis
Colon and rectum lining~0.2-0.3% in developed countriesBloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, urgencyAminosalicylates, biologics, surgery
Celiac Disease
Small intestine lining~1% of population (many undiagnosed)Bloating, diarrhea, weight loss, nutrient deficienciesStrict gluten-free diet
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Thyroid gland~5% of population (most common autoimmune disease)Fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, depressionThyroid hormone replacement (levothyroxine)
Graves' Disease
Thyroid gland (overactive)~0.5% of populationWeight loss, rapid heartbeat, bulging eyes, anxietyAntithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, surgery
Psoriasis
Skin (accelerated cell growth)~2-3% of populationRed scaly patches, itching, nail changesTopical treatments, phototherapy, biologics
Psoriatic Arthritis
Joints and skin~0.1-0.25% of populationJoint pain, swelling, skin plaques, nail pittingDMARDs, biologics, anti-inflammatory drugs
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Spine and sacroiliac joints~0.1-0.5% of populationChronic back pain, spinal stiffness, reduced flexibilityNSAIDs, biologics, physical therapy
Sjogren's Syndrome
Moisture-producing glands (eyes, mouth)~0.5-1% of populationDry eyes, dry mouth, fatigue, joint painArtificial tears, saliva substitutes, immunosuppressants
Myasthenia Gravis
Neuromuscular junction~0.02% of populationMuscle weakness, drooping eyelids, double vision, difficulty swallowingCholinesterase inhibitors, immunosuppressants, thymectomy
Addison's Disease
Adrenal glands~0.01% of populationFatigue, low blood pressure, darkening skin, salt cravingHormone replacement (cortisol and aldosterone)
Vitiligo
Skin (melanocytes)~0.5-2% of populationLoss of skin color in patchesTopical corticosteroids, phototherapy, depigmentation
Alopecia Areata
Hair follicles~2% of population lifetime riskPatchy hair loss, usually on scalpCorticosteroid injections, topical immunotherapy, JAK inhibitors
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Peripheral nervous system~0.001-0.002% per year (acute)Rapid-onset muscle weakness, tingling, paralysisPlasma exchange, IV immunoglobulin, supportive care
Scleroderma
Skin and connective tissue (can affect organs)~0.02-0.03% of populationSkin thickening, Raynaud's phenomenon, organ fibrosisImmunosuppressants, vasodilators, symptom management
Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Liver (bile ducts)~0.02-0.04% of populationFatigue, itching, jaundice, dry eyes and mouthUrsodeoxycholic acid, obeticholic acid
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Muscles and joints (shoulders, hips)~0.05-0.1% of over-50 populationSudden muscle pain and stiffness in shoulders and hipsLow-dose corticosteroids
Pernicious Anemia
Stomach (intrinsic factor) and blood~0.1% of populationFatigue, weakness, numbness, cognitive issuesVitamin B12 injections or high-dose oral supplements
Dermatomyositis
Muscles and skin~0.001% of populationMuscle weakness, distinctive skin rash, fatigueCorticosteroids, immunosuppressants, IV immunoglobulin
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Blood (clotting system)~0.05% of populationBlood clots, recurrent miscarriage, livedo reticularisBlood thinners (anticoagulants)
IgA Nephropathy
Kidneys (glomeruli)Most common glomerulonephritis worldwideBlood in urine, protein in urine, high blood pressureACE inhibitors, immunosuppressants, fish oil

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