Version Control Systems
VCS↕ | Type↕ | Created By↕ | First Released↕ | Notable Users↕ | Known For↕ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Git | Distributed | Linus Torvalds | 2005 | Linux kernel, GitHub, GitLab, almost every open source project | De facto standard, built for Linux kernel after BitKeeper drama, branching and merging model |
Mercurial (hg) | Distributed | Matt Mackall | 2005 | Facebook/Meta (Sapling fork), Mozilla (historical), Python (historical) | Simpler CLI than Git, Python-based, Facebook still runs massive monorepos on it |
Subversion (SVN) | Centralized | CollabNet | 2000 | Apache Foundation (historical), many enterprise shops | Centralized successor to CVS, atomic commits, still common in corporate and game dev |
Perforce (Helix Core) | Centralized | Perforce Software | 1995 | Google (historical), Ubisoft, EA, most AAA game studios, NVIDIA | Handles huge binary assets, go-to for game studios, fast on massive monorepos |
Fossil | Distributed | D. Richard Hipp (SQLite author) | 2007 | SQLite, TCL, many small projects | Single binary with built-in wiki, issue tracker, forum, stores history in SQLite |
Bazaar (bzr) | Distributed | Canonical | 2005 | Ubuntu (historical), Launchpad | Canonical-backed, flexible workflows, largely superseded by Git, project now dormant |
CVS | Centralized | Dick Grune | 1986 | BSD projects (historical), FSF (historical) | Pioneered multi-developer VCS, no atomic commits, replaced by SVN and Git |
Darcs | Distributed (patch-based) | David Roundy | 2003 | GHC (historical), several Haskell projects | Patch theory instead of snapshots, Haskell-based, elegant but niche |
Pijul | Distributed (patch-based) | Pierre-Etienne Meunier | 2015 | Nest community | Modern patch-based VCS in Rust, sound theory of patches, Darcs spiritual successor |
BitKeeper | Distributed | Larry McVoy | 2000 | Linux kernel (until 2005) | First popular distributed VCS, Linux used it, license row birthed Git, open-sourced in 2016 |
Monotone | Distributed | Graydon Hoare | 2003 | Small open source projects | Cryptographic history, influenced Git and Mercurial design, author later created Rust |
Team Foundation Version Control (TFVC) | Centralized | Microsoft | 2005 | Microsoft enterprise customers | Centralized VCS built into TFS/Azure DevOps, heavyweight, Microsoft now steers everyone to Git |
ClearCase | Centralized | Rational / IBM | 1992 | Legacy enterprise shops, regulated industries | View-based virtual filesystem, famously slow, still lingering in telecom and defense |
Sapling | Distributed | Meta / Facebook | 2022 | Meta internal monorepo | Meta's Mercurial-derived VCS for giant monorepos, ships Git compatibility, scales to billions of files |
Jujutsu (jj) | Distributed | Martin von Zweigbergk (Google) | 2020 | Google experiments, Rust enthusiasts | Rust-based, Git-backed, rebase-friendly UX, rapidly gaining hobbyist mindshare in 2025 |
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Frequently asked questions
How is the Version Control Systems list ranked?
The Version Control Systems list is currently sorted by the source data's default ordering. Community voting is not enabled on this dataset.
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This dataset contains 15 entries, each with multiple sortable, filterable columns. The full table is visible on this page and can be downloaded as a CSV, JSON, or Excel file.
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