Health & Wellness
Common Skin Conditions
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Updated:4/9/2026
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Condition↕ | Type↕ | Prevalence↕ | Typical Location↕ | Primary Treatment↕ | Known For↕ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) | Inflammatory | ~10-20% of children, ~3% of adults | Elbow/knee creases, face, hands | Moisturizers, topical steroids, dupilumab | Itchy chronic rash, linked to allergies and asthma (atopic triad), often starts in childhood |
Psoriasis | Autoimmune | ~2-3% of adults globally | Elbows, knees, scalp, lower back | Topicals, light therapy, biologics (anti-TNF, IL-17, IL-23) | Silvery scaly plaques, chronic autoimmune disease, linked to arthritis and cardiovascular risk |
Rosacea | Chronic inflammatory | ~5% of adults, more in fair-skinned | Central face (cheeks, nose, forehead) | Topical metronidazole/ivermectin, oral doxycycline, laser | Persistent facial redness with flushing, famous W.C. Fields bulbous nose (rhinophyma) in severe cases |
Acne Vulgaris | Follicular/inflammatory | ~85% of teenagers | Face, chest, back | Benzoyl peroxide, retinoids, antibiotics, isotretinoin | Most common skin condition, caused by sebum, Cutibacterium acnes bacteria, and clogged pores |
Vitiligo | Autoimmune pigment loss | ~1% worldwide | Hands, face, body folds, anywhere | Topical steroids/tacrolimus, light therapy, JAK inhibitors (ruxolitinib) | White patches from destroyed melanocytes, famously seen on Michael Jackson |
Melasma | Pigment disorder | Common in pregnant women and darker skin types | Cheeks, forehead, upper lip | Sunscreen, hydroquinone, tranexamic acid, chemical peels | Mask of pregnancy, triggered by hormones and sun, notoriously hard to treat permanently |
Contact Dermatitis | Allergic or irritant | Extremely common | Site of contact | Avoid trigger, topical steroids | Nickel allergy most common allergic cause, poison ivy classic plant trigger |
Hives (Urticaria) | Allergic/inflammatory | ~20% lifetime | Anywhere | Antihistamines, omalizumab for chronic cases | Wheals that appear and disappear within 24 hours, intensely itchy, can be acute or chronic |
Seborrheic Dermatitis | Inflammatory/yeast | ~5% of adults | Scalp, eyebrows, nasolabial folds, chest | Antifungal shampoos (ketoconazole), topical steroids | Dandruff is a mild form, linked to Malassezia yeast, worsens with stress |
Tinea (Ringworm) | Fungal infection | Very common | Body, scalp, feet, groin, nails | Topical or oral antifungals | Not a worm - a dermatophyte fungus, classic ring-shaped rash, includes athlete's foot and jock itch |
Shingles (Herpes Zoster) | Viral reactivation | ~1 in 3 lifetime risk | Unilateral dermatome (one side of body) | Antivirals (valacyclovir), pain meds, Shingrix vaccine | Reactivation of chickenpox virus, painful dermatomal blisters, post-herpetic neuralgia complication |
Warts (Verruca) | Viral (HPV) | Very common | Hands, feet, genitals | Salicylic acid, cryotherapy, immunotherapy | HPV infection, often resolves on its own, plantar warts on soles are painful |
Hidradenitis Suppurativa | Chronic inflammatory | ~1-4% of adults | Armpits, groin, under breasts | Antibiotics, biologics (adalimumab), surgery | Painful recurrent abscesses and tunnels, extremely under-diagnosed, devastating quality of life |
Basal Cell Carcinoma | Skin cancer (non-melanoma) | Most common cancer in the US | Sun-exposed areas, face | Excision, Mohs surgery, topicals | Pearly papule with telangiectasias, slow-growing, rarely metastasizes but locally destructive |
Melanoma | Skin cancer (pigment cells) | ~325,000 new cases/year globally | Anywhere with melanocytes | Excision, immunotherapy (pembrolizumab, nivolumab) | Deadliest skin cancer, ABCDE rule for moles, huge breakthroughs in immunotherapy survival |
Alopecia Areata | Autoimmune hair loss | ~2% lifetime risk | Scalp, beard, body | Steroids, JAK inhibitors (baricitinib) | Round patches of hair loss, can progress to total loss (alopecia universalis), Jada Pinkett Smith |
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