Art & Design

Sculpture Techniques

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Technique
Type
Common Materials
Famous Practitioner
Signature Work
Direct Carving
SubtractiveMarble, wood, stoneMichelangeloDavid (1504)
Modeling
AdditiveClay, wax, plasticineAuguste RodinThe Thinker (1904)
Lost-Wax Casting
CastingBronze, silver, goldBenvenuto CelliniPerseus with Medusa (1554)
Sand Casting
CastingBronze, aluminum, ironHenry MooreReclining Figure (1951)
Assemblage
AdditiveFound objectsLouise NevelsonSky Cathedral (1958)
Welded Metal
ConstructiveSteel, ironDavid SmithCubi series (1961-1965)
Stone Carving
SubtractiveMarble, limestone, graniteGian Lorenzo BerniniApollo and Daphne (1625)
Wood Carving
SubtractiveOak, lime, walnutTilman RiemenschneiderAltar of the Holy Blood (1505)
Ready-Made
ConceptualMass-produced objectsMarcel DuchampFountain (1917)
Kinetic
ConstructiveMetal, wire, motorsAlexander CalderLobster Trap and Fish Tail (1939)
Installation
EnvironmentalMixed mediaYayoi KusamaInfinity Mirror Rooms (1965-)
Ice Carving
SubtractiveIce blocksJunichi NakamuraHarbin Festival pieces
Sand Sculpture
SubtractiveCompacted sandSusanne RuselerWorld Sand Sculpting Championships
Ceramic Sculpture
AdditiveClay, glazePeter VoulkosGallas Rock (1959)
Blown Glass Sculpture
AdditiveMolten glassDale ChihulyFiori di Como (1998)
Earthwork
EnvironmentalSoil, rocks, landscapeRobert SmithsonSpiral Jetty (1970)

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