Sculpture Techniques
Technique↕ | Type↕ | Common Materials↕ | Famous Practitioner↕ | Signature Work↕ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Carving | Subtractive | Marble, wood, stone | Michelangelo | David (1504) |
Modeling | Additive | Clay, wax, plasticine | Auguste Rodin | The Thinker (1904) |
Lost-Wax Casting | Casting | Bronze, silver, gold | Benvenuto Cellini | Perseus with Medusa (1554) |
Sand Casting | Casting | Bronze, aluminum, iron | Henry Moore | Reclining Figure (1951) |
Assemblage | Additive | Found objects | Louise Nevelson | Sky Cathedral (1958) |
Welded Metal | Constructive | Steel, iron | David Smith | Cubi series (1961-1965) |
Stone Carving | Subtractive | Marble, limestone, granite | Gian Lorenzo Bernini | Apollo and Daphne (1625) |
Wood Carving | Subtractive | Oak, lime, walnut | Tilman Riemenschneider | Altar of the Holy Blood (1505) |
Ready-Made | Conceptual | Mass-produced objects | Marcel Duchamp | Fountain (1917) |
Kinetic | Constructive | Metal, wire, motors | Alexander Calder | Lobster Trap and Fish Tail (1939) |
Installation | Environmental | Mixed media | Yayoi Kusama | Infinity Mirror Rooms (1965-) |
Ice Carving | Subtractive | Ice blocks | Junichi Nakamura | Harbin Festival pieces |
Sand Sculpture | Subtractive | Compacted sand | Susanne Ruseler | World Sand Sculpting Championships |
Ceramic Sculpture | Additive | Clay, glaze | Peter Voulkos | Gallas Rock (1959) |
Blown Glass Sculpture | Additive | Molten glass | Dale Chihuly | Fiori di Como (1998) |
Earthwork | Environmental | Soil, rocks, landscape | Robert Smithson | Spiral Jetty (1970) |
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