Art & Design

Mosaic Techniques

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Technique
Typical Materials
Origin
Best For
Famous Example
Direct Method
Tesserae, adhesiveMesopotamia 3000 BC3D and textured surfacesPark Guell by Gaudi
Indirect Method
Tesserae, kraft paper19th century VeniceFloors, smooth surfacesWashington National Cathedral
Double Indirect
Clear film, tesserae20th centuryComplex commissionsLarge public murals
Micromosaic
Tiny glass rods, waxVatican 16th centuryJewelry, miniaturesVatican mosaic workshop
Opus Tessellatum
Square stone cubesHellenistic GreeceFloor backgroundsRoman villa floors
Opus Vermiculatum
Tiny tesseraeHellenistic GreeceFigural detailAlexander Mosaic Pompeii
Opus Sectile
Cut stone or glass slabsAncient RomeArchitectural panelsBasilica of Junius Bassus
Opus Musivum
Glass and stoneRoman EmpireWalls and vaultsHagia Sophia mosaics
Opus Palladianum
Irregular slabsRenaissanceRustic floors, patiosVenetian terrazzo floors
Pebble Mosaic
Natural river pebblesGreek 8th century BCGarden paths, courtyardsPella mosaics Macedonia
Smalti Mosaic
Venetian enameled glassByzantine eraReligious muralsRavenna San Vitale
Pique Assiette
Broken ceramics, china19th century FranceNaive art, garden artMaison Picassiette Chartres
Andamento
Any tesseraeAncient RomeFlow and movementByzantine figural mosaics
Trencadis
Broken tile shardsCatalan ModernismeCurved surfacesPark Guell bench Barcelona
Cosmati Work
Marble, porphyry, glass12th century RomeFloors, altarsWestminster Abbey pavement

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