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Conquest↕ | Year↕ | Region↕ | Mongol Leader↕ | Opponent↕ | Outcome↕ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conquest of Western Xia | 1209 | Northwest China | Genghis Khan | Western Xia dynasty | Tangut state vassalized, later destroyed 1227 |
Invasion of Khwarezmia | 1219 | Central Asia | Genghis Khan | Khwarezmian Empire | Empire destroyed, Samarkand and Bukhara sacked |
Sack of Samarkand | 1220 | Uzbekistan | Genghis Khan | Khwarezmian garrison | City surrendered, population massacred or enslaved |
Battle of the Kalka River | 1223 | Ukraine | Subutai and Jebe | Rus and Cumans | Mongol scouts crushed combined Rus forces |
Destruction of Western Xia | 1227 | Northwest China | Genghis Khan | Western Xia dynasty | Dynasty annihilated, Genghis died during campaign |
Conquest of Jin dynasty | 1234 | North China | Ogedei Khan | Jin dynasty | Jin capital Kaifeng fell 1233, dynasty extinguished |
Sack of Kiev | 1240 | Ukraine | Batu Khan | Kievan Rus | City destroyed, most inhabitants killed |
Battle of Legnica | 1241 | Poland | Baidar and Kadan | Henry II of Silesia | Polish and German knights routed |
Battle of Mohi | 1241 | Hungary | Batu Khan and Subutai | King Bela IV | Hungarian army destroyed, kingdom devastated |
Sack of Baghdad | 1258 | Iraq | Hulagu Khan | Abbasid Caliphate | Caliph executed, House of Wisdom destroyed |
Battle of Ain Jalut | 1260 | Palestine | Kitbuqa | Mamluk Sultanate (Baibars) | First major Mongol defeat, advance halted |
Conquest of Southern Song | 1279 | Southern China | Kublai Khan | Southern Song dynasty | Battle of Yamen ended Song, Yuan dynasty founded |
First invasion of Japan | 1274 | Kyushu, Japan | Kublai Khan | Kamakura shogunate | Storm scattered fleet, invasion failed |
Second invasion of Japan | 1281 | Kyushu, Japan | Kublai Khan | Kamakura shogunate | Kamikaze typhoon destroyed fleet |
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