Famous Peace Treaties in History
Treaty↕ | Year↕ | Parties↕ | War Ended↕ | Location↕ | Known For↕ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treaty of Westphalia | 1648 | Holy Roman Empire, France, Sweden, Spain | Thirty Years' War | Osnabrück & Münster, Germany | Established the modern concept of state sovereignty and the nation-state system |
Treaty of Paris (1763) | 1763 | Britain, France, Spain | Seven Years' War | Paris, France | Britain gained Canada and French territories east of the Mississippi |
Treaty of Paris (1783) | 1783 | United States, Great Britain | American Revolutionary War | Paris, France | Britain recognized American independence and ceded territory to the Mississippi River |
Treaty of Ghent | 1814 | United States, Great Britain | War of 1812 | Ghent, Belgium | Restored pre-war borders; news arrived after the Battle of New Orleans |
Congress of Vienna | 1815 | European powers (Austria, Britain, Prussia, Russia, France) | Napoleonic Wars | Vienna, Austria | Redrew the map of Europe and established a balance of power lasting decades |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | Allied Powers, Germany | World War I | Versailles, France | Imposed heavy reparations on Germany; created the League of Nations |
Treaty of Trianon | 1920 | Allied Powers, Hungary | World War I (Hungarian front) | Versailles, France | Hungary lost two-thirds of its territory and one-third of its population |
Treaty of Lausanne | 1923 | Turkey, Allied Powers | Turkish War of Independence | Lausanne, Switzerland | Replaced Treaty of Sèvres; established modern Turkey's borders |
Armistice of 11 November 1918 | 1918 | Allied Powers, Germany | World War I (fighting) | Compiègne, France | Ended fighting on the Western Front at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month |
Japanese Instrument of Surrender | 1945 | Japan, Allied Powers | World War II (Pacific) | USS Missouri, Tokyo Bay | Formal end of WWII; Japan accepted unconditional surrender |
Paris Peace Treaties (1947) | 1947 | Allied Powers, Italy, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Finland | World War II (European Axis) | Paris, France | Settled borders and reparations for minor Axis powers after WWII |
Korean Armistice Agreement | 1953 | UN Command, North Korea, China | Korean War (fighting) | Panmunjom, Korea | Created the DMZ; technically the war never formally ended with a peace treaty |
Geneva Accords | 1954 | France, Viet Minh, world powers | First Indochina War | Geneva, Switzerland | Divided Vietnam at the 17th parallel; France withdrew from Indochina |
Camp David Accords | 1978 | Egypt, Israel (mediated by USA) | Arab-Israeli conflicts | Camp David, Maryland, USA | First peace agreement between Israel and an Arab nation; Nobel Peace Prize for Sadat and Begin |
Paris Peace Accords | 1973 | United States, South Vietnam, North Vietnam, Viet Cong | Vietnam War (US involvement) | Paris, France | Ended direct US military involvement in Vietnam; Kissinger and Le Duc Tho won Nobel Prize |
Good Friday Agreement | 1998 | UK, Ireland, Northern Irish parties | The Troubles | Belfast, Northern Ireland | Ended 30 years of sectarian conflict in Northern Ireland with power-sharing government |
Dayton Agreement | 1995 | Bosnia, Croatia, Serbia | Bosnian War | Dayton, Ohio, USA | Ended the bloodiest European conflict since WWII; created two entities within Bosnia |
Treaty of Tordesillas | 1494 | Spain, Portugal | Colonial disputes | Tordesillas, Spain | Divided the New World between Spain and Portugal along a meridian line |
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | 1918 | Soviet Russia, Central Powers | WWI (Eastern Front) | Brest-Litovsk, Belarus | Russia ceded vast territories including Ukraine, Poland, and the Baltics |
Oslo Accords | 1993 | Israel, Palestine Liberation Organization | Israeli-Palestinian conflict (partial) | Oslo, Norway / Washington DC | First direct agreement between Israel and PLO; mutual recognition and Palestinian self-governance |
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