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Name↕ | Species and subspecies↕ | Date↕ | Location of origin↕ | Purpose↕ | Changes from wild ancestor/ Notes↕ | Extent in the wild vs. captivity↕ | Taxon group↕ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asian elephant | Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) including subspecies Sri Lankan (E. m. maximus), Indian (E. m. indicus), Sumatran (E. m. sumatranus), Bornean (E. m. borneensis) and formerly Syrian elephants (E. m. asurus)† | 2000 BCE (uncertain for E. m. maximus, E. m. sumatranus, E. m. borneensis and E. m. asurus)† | India, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Nepal, Borneo, China, Indochina, formerly Iran | dung, working, hunting, fighting, racing, transportation, mount, patrol, worship, show | Individuals taken from the wild and tamed on a wide scale | Syrian subspecies extinct in the wild and in captivity; other subspecies somewhat common in captivity, but endangered in the wild | 1e Other mammals |
Domestic reindeer | Domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus domesticus) | 3000 BCE | Fennoscandia, Western Russia (possibly Eastern Russia), China, Mongolia | meat, milk, leather, hides, antlers, transportation, mount, pets | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | ||
Bubal hartebeest | Bubal hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus)† | date uncertain | Egypt | meat, hides, horns, sacrifices | Historically farmed | Extinct in the wild and in captivity | 1b Bovidae |
Scimitar-horned oryx | Scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah) | 2320–2150 BCE | Egypt | meat, hides, horns, sacrifices | Small captive population, but nearly extinct in the wild | 1b Bovidae | |
Four-toed | Four-toed (Atelerix albiventris), Algerian (A. algirus), long-eared (Hemiechinus auritus) and Indian long-eared hedgehog (H. collaris) | the 1980s | Central and Eastern Africa | pets | Slight physical changes | Common in the wild, somewhat rare in captivity | 1e Other mammals |
Caracal | Caracal (Caracal caracal) | date uncertain, possibly 200 BCE | Egypt, India, Southern Africa | hunting, pest control, pets | 1c Carnivora | ||
Cheetah | Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) including subspecies Southeast African (A. j. jubatus), Northeast African (A. j. soemmeringii) and Asiatic cheetahs (A. j. venaticus) | 1500 BCE | Egypt, India, the Middle East, South Africa | hunting, tourism, pets | 1c Carnivora | ||
Mandarin duck | Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) | pre-modern China (date uncertain) | China | pest control, ornamental, pets | 2a Anseriformes | ||
Leopard cat | Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) | 5000 BCE | China | pest control, pets | 1c Carnivora | ||
European fallow | European fallow (Dama dama) and Persian fallow deer (D. mesopotamica) | 1000 BCE | the Mediterranean Basin, the Levant | meat, hides, antlers, pets | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | ||
European medicinal leech | European medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) | 800 BCE | Europe, Asia | bloodletting, surgery, therapy, research, saliva, pets | Captive-bred | 7b Annelida | |
Cochineal | Cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) | 700–500 BCE | Chile, Peru, Mexico | dye | Very common in the wild | 6d Other insects | |
Indian | Indian (Pavo cristatus) and green peafowl (P. muticus) | 500 BCE (uncertain for P. muticus) | India, Java | meat, feathers, ornamental, guarding, pest control, pets | Fairly common in the wild | 2b Galliformes | |
Common hill myna | Common hill myna (Gracula religiosa) | kept in ancient Greece, date of captive breeding uncertain | Greece | pets, talking bird | 2d Passeriformes | ||
Purple dye murex | Purple dye murex (Bolinus brandaris) | classical antiquity (date uncertain) | the central and western Mediterranean Sea | Tyrian purple, meat | Historically captive-bred | No longer farmed | 7a Mollusca |
Red deer | Red deer (Cervus elaphus) including subspecies Caspian (C. e. maral), Norwegian (C. e. atlanticus) and Scottish red deer (C. e. scoticus) | ~1 CE | China, Russia, Europe (including the United Kingdom), Iran | meat, milk, leather, hides, antlers, velvet, pets | Captive-bred | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | |
Roman snail | Roman snail (Helix pomatia) | 100 CE | Europe | meat, eggs, shells, slime, pets | Captive-bred | 7a Mollusca | |
Stingless bees | Stingless bees (Melipona beecheii), (M. scutellaris), (M. bicolor), (M. quadrifasciata) and (M. subnitida) | 180 CE | Mexico, the Amazon Basin | honey, wax, propolis, pollination, pets | 6a Hymenoptera | ||
White | White (Cacatua alba), sulphur-crested (C. galerita), Salmon-crested (C. moluccensis), blue-eyed (C. ophthalmica), and Red-vented cockatoos (C. haematuropygia); long-billed (C. tenuirostris), western (C. pastinator), little (C. sanguinea) and Tanimbar corellas (C. goffiniana) | the Tang dynasty (618–907 CE) (C. alba) | China, Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea | pets, show | Captive-bred | 2e Psittaciformes | |
Great | Great (Phalacrocorax carbo) and Japanese cormorants (P. capillatus) | 960 CE | China, Japan | fishing | 2h Other birds | ||
Mute swan | Mute swan (Cygnus olor) | 1000-1500 CE | Europe (including the United Kingdom) | meat, feathers, ornamental, guarding, pets | 2a Anseriformes | ||
House cricket | House cricket (Acheta domesticus) | the 12th century CE | Southwestern Asia, China, Japan | meat, animal feed, fighting, pets | Somewhat common in captivity, very common in the wild | 6d Other insects | |
Common quail | Common quail (Coturnix coturnix) | 1100–1900 CE | Eurasia | meat, eggs, research, pets | 2b Galliformes | ||
Common carp | Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) | 1200–1500 CE | Europe, Asia | meat, eggs, pets | 5a Cyprinidae | ||
Java sparrow | Java sparrow (Lonchura oryzivora) | the Ming dynasty (1368–1644 CE) | China | pets | Non-wild coloration pied and fancy colored Java sparrows from long Asian captivity lines are hand tamable | Threatened in the wild | 2d Passeriformes |
Siamese fighting fish or betta | Siamese fighting fish or betta (Betta splendens); Spotted betta (B. picta) | the 19th century CE (uncertain for B. picta) | Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo | fighting, show, pets | Very significant physical and slight behavioral changes | Common in captivity | 5c Anabantiformes |
Budgerigar | Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) | the 1850s | Australia | pets, show, talking bird | Captive-bred, plumage colour/pattern changes, some breeds are physically larger | Fairly common in the wild and in captivity | 2e Psittaciformes |
Cockatiel | Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) | the 1870s | Australia | pets, show, talking bird | Captive-bred, plumage colour/pattern changes | Common in the wild and in captivity | 2e Psittaciformes |
European mink | European mink (Mustela lutreola) | the 1800s | Europe, Russia | fur | 1c Carnivora | ||
Coypu or nutria | Coypu or nutria (Myocastor coypus) | the late 19th to the early 20th century CE | Argentina | meat, fur, aquatic weed control, pets | Captive-bred | 1d Rodentia | |
Lesser fruit fly, vinegar fly or pomace fly | Lesser fruit fly, vinegar fly or pomace fly (Drosophila melanogaster) | the 1910s | Australia, South Africa | research, animal feed | Captive-bred, some varieties flightless | 6d Other insects | |
Chinese hamster | Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) | the 1920s | China | research, biotechnology, pets | 1d Rodentia | ||
Rosy-faced | Rosy-faced (Agapornis roseicollis), yellow-collared (A. personatus), and Fischer's lovebirds (A. fischeri) | the 1920s (uncertain for A. personatus, A. fischeri) | Africa, Madagascar | pets | Captive-bred, plumage colour/pattern changes in rosy-faced lovebird | 2e Psittaciformes | |
Short-tailed chinchilla | Short-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla chinchilla) | the 1930s | the Andes | fur | Raised in captivity | Critically endangered in the wild | 1d Rodentia |
Turkish hamster | Turkish hamster (Mesocricetus brandti) | the 20th century CE | Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Turkey | pets, research | 1d Rodentia | ||
African | African (Xenopus laevis) and western clawed frogs (X. tropicalis) | the 1950s (uncertain for X. tropicalis) | Southern Africa, West Africa | research, pets | Captive-bred | 4a Anura | |
Sea-monkey | Sea-monkey (Artemia nyos) | the 1950s | the United States | pets, research | Captive-bred | 6e Other arthropods | |
Ball | Ball (Python regius), Borneo (P. breitensteini), Sumatran short-tailed (P. curtus) and Brongersma's short-tailed pythons (P. brongersmai) | the 1960s (uncertain for P. breitensteini, P. curtus and P. brongersmai) | Africa, Sumatra, Borneo, Malaysia | pets | Captive-bred | 3a Serpentes | |
Campbell's | Campbell's (Phodopus campbelli), winter white (P. sungorus) and Roborovski dwarf hamsters (P. roborovskii) | the 1960s | Mongolia, Russia, China | pets, research | 1d Rodentia | ||
Axolotl | Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum); tiger (A. tigrinum) and barred tiger salamanders (A. mavortium) | the 20th century CE (uncertain for A. tigrinum and A. mavortium) | Mexico, the United States | research, pets | Slight physical changes | A. mexicanum Critically endangered in the wild; A. tigrinum and A. mavortium less threatened | 4b Other amphibians |
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