Types of Architectural Arches
Arch Type↕ | Origin↕ | Iconic Example↕ | Known For↕ |
|---|---|---|---|
Round (Semicircular) Arch | Ancient Rome | Colosseum, Rome | Classic Roman arch, half-circle, enabled aqueducts and amphitheaters |
Pointed (Gothic) Arch | Medieval France | Notre-Dame de Paris | Two curves meeting at apex, transferred weight downward, enabled Gothic height |
Horseshoe Arch | Moorish Spain, North Africa | Mezquita of Cordoba | Arc continues below the springline, Islamic and Mudejar architecture |
Ogee Arch | Late Gothic, Venetian | Doge's Palace, Venice | S-shaped double curve, Venetian Gothic, Indo-Islamic also |
Parabolic Arch | Modernist | Sagrada Familia, Barcelona (Gaudi) | Follows catenary curve, structurally efficient, Gateway Arch in St. Louis |
Tudor Arch | Late medieval England | Kings College Chapel, Cambridge | Low four-centered arch, Tudor-era English architecture, flattened pointed arch |
Trefoil Arch | Gothic | Westminster Abbey tracery | Three-lobed arch symbolizing the Trinity, Gothic tracery |
Lancet Arch | Early English Gothic | Salisbury Cathedral | Tall, narrow, steeply pointed arch, early Gothic window form |
Segmental Arch | Roman, Renaissance | Ponte Vecchio, Florence | Less than a half-circle, flatter profile, strong for bridges |
Triumphal (Three-part) Arch | Ancient Rome | Arch of Constantine, Rome | Central large arch flanked by two smaller arches, commemorative |
Multifoil (Cusped) Arch | Islamic | Alhambra, Granada | Multiple curved lobes, decorative Moorish and Indo-Islamic forms |
Inflexed Arch | Islamic Indian | Fatehpur Sikri | Concave curves meeting at a point, inverted from conventional arch |
Flat (Jack) Arch | Classical | Georgian townhouse lintels | Horizontal arch using wedge-shaped voussoirs over openings |
Catenary Arch | Modern engineering | Gateway Arch, St. Louis | Inverted catenary curve, pure compression, 192m tall stainless steel |
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