People
Pioneering Astronauts and Cosmonauts
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Updated:4/10/2026
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Astronaut/Cosmonaut↕ | Nationality↕ | Born↕ | Died↕ | First Mission↕ | Year↕ | Known For↕ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yuri Gagarin | Soviet | 1,934 | 1968 | Vostok 1 | 1961 | First human in space, single orbit of Earth in 108 minutes |
Neil Armstrong | American | 1,930 | 2012 | Gemini 8 | 1966 | First person to walk on the Moon, one small step for man |
Valentina Tereshkova | Soviet | 1,937 | living | Vostok 6 | 1963 | First woman in space, 48 orbits in nearly 3 days |
John Glenn | American | 1,921 | 2016 | Mercury-Atlas 6 | 1962 | First American to orbit Earth, returned to space at age 77 |
Alan Shepard | American | 1,923 | 1998 | Mercury-Redstone 3 | 1961 | First American in space, hit a golf ball on the Moon |
Buzz Aldrin | American | 1,930 | living | Gemini 12 | 1966 | Second person on the Moon, pioneered orbital rendezvous techniques |
Alexei Leonov | Soviet | 1,934 | 2019 | Voskhod 2 | 1965 | First spacewalk (EVA), nearly died when suit inflated in vacuum |
Sally Ride | American | 1,951 | 2012 | STS-7 | 1983 | First American woman in space, youngest American astronaut at 32 |
Mae Jemison | American | 1,956 | living | STS-47 | 1992 | First African American woman in space, physician and engineer |
Chris Hadfield | Canadian | 1,959 | living | STS-74 | 1995 | Space Oddity music video from ISS, first Canadian to walk in space |
Peggy Whitson | American | 1,960 | living | Expedition 5 | 2002 | Most time in space by an American (665 days), ISS commander twice |
Yang Liwei | Chinese | 1,965 | living | Shenzhou 5 | 2003 | First Chinese person in space, national hero |
Scott Kelly | American | 1,964 | living | STS-103 | 1999 | Year in Space mission on ISS, twin study with brother Mark |
Rakesh Sharma | Indian | 1,949 | living | Soyuz T-11 | 1984 | First Indian in space, said India looks saare jahan se achha from orbit |
Svetlana Savitskaya | Soviet | 1,948 | living | Soyuz T-7 | 1982 | Second woman in space, first woman to perform a spacewalk |
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