Technology
Unix and Windows Shells
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Updated:4/9/2026
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Shell↕ | Author↕ | First Released↕ | Primary Platform↕ | Implementation↕ | Known For↕ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bash | Brian Fox / Chet Ramey | 1989 | Linux, macOS (legacy), WSL | C | GNU's Bourne Again SHell, default on almost every Linux server, POSIX-friendly, universal scripting |
Zsh | Paul Falstad | 1990 | macOS (default), Linux | C | macOS default since Catalina, oh-my-zsh plugin universe, best-in-class completion |
Fish | Axel Liljencrantz | 2005 | Linux, macOS | C++ (now Rust) | Sensible defaults, autosuggestions out of the box, rewritten in Rust in 2024, non-POSIX scripting |
PowerShell | Jeffrey Snover / Microsoft | 2006 | Windows (default), cross-platform | C# | Object pipeline instead of text, cross-platform since Core 6.0, scripting backbone of Windows ops |
Nushell | Sophia / Yehuda / JT | 2019 | Cross-platform | Rust | Structured data pipelines like PowerShell with Unix feel, everything is a table, Rust-based |
Xonsh | Anthony Scopatz | 2015 | Cross-platform | Python | Python-powered shell, mix shell commands with Python in the same line, great for data folks |
Dash | Herbert Xu | 1997 | Debian/Ubuntu | C | Minimal POSIX shell, default /bin/sh on Debian and Ubuntu for fast script execution |
Ksh | David Korn / AT&T | 1983 | Unix, AIX, Solaris | C | Korn Shell, bridged Bourne and C shells, standard on commercial Unix, influenced Bash and Zsh |
Tcsh | Ken Greer / others | 1983 | BSDs | C | Enhanced C shell with history and completion, default on FreeBSD for years |
Elvish | Qi Xiao | 2017 | Cross-platform | Go | Modern shell with structured data, own expression language, great interactive UX |
Oil / OSH / YSH | Andy Chu | 2018 | Linux, macOS | Python / C++ | Bash-compatible OSH with cleaner YSH scripting language, careful upgrade path from Bash |
Ion | Redox OS team | 2017 | Linux, Redox | Rust | Default shell of Redox OS, Rust-native, opinionated modern scripting |
Murex | Laurence Morgan | 2017 | Cross-platform | Go | Typed data pipelines, inline docs, SQL-style queries against JSON streams |
Cmd.exe | Microsoft | 1987 | Windows | C | Classic Windows command interpreter, still present everywhere but superseded by PowerShell |
Git Bash (MSYS2) | Git for Windows team | 2007 | Windows | C (MinGW/MSYS) | Bash-on-Windows for Git users, default terminal for millions of Windows devs before WSL |
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