People
Nobel Laureates in Chemistry
All winners of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
nobelchemistrylaureatesscience
205 of 205 rows
Year↕ | Image↕ | Laureate↕ | Nationality↕ | Rationale↕ | Ref↕ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,901 | Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff(1852–1911) | Dutch | " discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions" | ||
| 1,902 | Hermann Emil Fischer(1852–1919) | German | " his work on sugar and purine syntheses" | ||
| 1,903 | Svante August Arrhenius(1859–1927) | Swedish | " his electrolytic theory of dissociation" | ||
| 1,904 | Sir William Ramsay(1852–1916) | British | " discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system" | ||
| 1,905 | Adolf von Baeyer(1835–1917) | German | " the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds" | ||
| 1,906 | Henri Moissan(1852–1907) | French | " investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for electric furnace called after him" | ||
| 1,907 | Eduard Buchner(1860–1917) | German | "for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation" | ||
| 1,908 | Ernest Rutherford(1871–1937) | New Zealander | "for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances" | ||
| 1,909 | Wilhelm Ostwald(1853–1932) | German, born in Latvia | " his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction" | ||
| 1,910 | Otto Wallach(1847–1931) | German | " his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds" | ||
| 1,911 | Marie Curie, née Skłodowska(1867–1934) | Polish French | " the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element" | ||
| 1,912 | Victor Grignard(1871–1935) | French | "for the discovery of the [...] Grignard reagent" | ||
| Paul Sabatier(1854–1941) | "for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals" | — | — | ||
| 1,913 | Alfred Werner(1866–1919) | Swiss | " his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules [...] especially in inorganic chemistry" | ||
| 1,914 | Theodore William Richards(1868–1928) | American | " his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements" | ||
| 1,915 | Richard Martin Willstätter(1872–1942) | German | "for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll" | ||
| 1,916 | Not awarded | — | — | — | — |
| 1,918 | Fritz Haber(1868–1934) | German | "for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements" | ||
| 1,919 | Not awarded | — | — | — | — |
| 1,920 | Walther Hermann Nernst(1864–1941) | German | " his work in thermochemistry" | ||
| 1,921 | Frederick Soddy(1877–1956) | British | "for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes" | ||
| 1,922 | Francis William Aston(1877–1945) | British | "for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule" | ||
| 1,923 | Fritz Pregl(1869–1930) | Yugoslavian Austrian | "for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances" | ||
| 1,924 | Not awarded | — | — | — | — |
| 1,925 | Richard Adolf Zsigmondy(1865–1929) | Austrian | "for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used" | ||
| 1,926 | The (Theodor) Svedberg(1884–1971) | Swedish | "for his work on disperse systems" | ||
| 1,927 | Heinrich Otto Wieland(1877–1957) | German | "for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances" | ||
| 1,928 | Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus(1876–1959) | German | " his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins" | ||
| 1,929 | Arthur Harden(1865–1940) | British | "for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes" | ||
| Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin(1873–1964) | German Swedish | — | — | — | |
| 1,930 | Hans Fischer(1881–1945) | German | "for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin" | ||
| 1,931 | Carl Bosch(1874–1940) | German | " their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods" | ||
| Friedrich Bergius(1884–1949) | — | — | — | — | |
| 1,932 | Irving Langmuir(1881–1957) | American | "for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry" | ||
| 1,933 | Not awarded | — | — | — | — |
| 1,934 | Harold Clayton Urey(1893–1981) | American | "for his discovery of heavy hydrogen" | ||
| 1,935 | Frédéric Joliot(1900–1958) | French | " their synthesis of new radioactive elements" | ||
| Irène Joliot-Curie(1897–1956) | — | — | — | — | |
| 1,936 | Peter Debye(1884–1966) | Dutch | " molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases" | ||
| 1,937 | Walter Norman Haworth(1883–1950) | British | "for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C" | ||
| Paul Karrer(1889–1971) | Swiss | "for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2" | — | — | |
| 1,938 | Richard Kuhn(1900–1967) | German | "for his work on carotenoids and vitamins" | ||
| 1,939 | Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt(1903–1995) | German | "for his work on sex hormones" | ||
| Leopold Ružička(1887–1976) | Yugoslavian Swiss | "for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes" | — | ||
| 1,940 | Not awarded | — | — | — | — |
| 1,943 | George de Hevesy(1885–1966) | Hungarian | "for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes" | ||
| 1,944 | Otto Hahn(1879–1968) | German | "for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei" | ||
| 1,945 | Artturi Ilmari Virtanen(1895–1973) | Finnish | "for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method" | ||
| 1,946 | James Batcheller Sumner(1887–1955) | American | "for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized" | ||
| John Howard Northrop(1891–1987) | "for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form" | — | — | ||
| Wendell Meredith Stanley(1904–1971) | — | — | — | — | |
| 1,947 | Sir Robert Robinson(1886–1975) | British | "for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids" | ||
| 1,948 | Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius(1902–1971) | Swedish | "for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins" | ||
| 1,949 | William Francis Giauque(1895–1982) | Canadian American | "for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures" | ||
| 1,950 | Otto Paul Hermann Diels(1876–1954) | West German | "for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis" | ||
| Kurt Alder(1902–1958) | — | — | — | — | |
| 1,951 | Edwin Mattison McMillan(1907–1991) | American | "for their discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements" | ||
| Glenn Theodore Seaborg(1912–1999) | — | — | — | — | |
| 1,952 | Archer John Porter Martin(1910–2002) | British | "for their invention of partition chromatography" | ||
| Richard Laurence Millington Synge(1914–1994) | — | — | — | — | |
| 1,953 | Hermann Staudinger(1881–1965) | West German | "for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry" | ||
| 1,954 | Linus Pauling(1901–1994) | American | "for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances" | ||
| 1,955 | Vincent du Vigneaud(1901–1978) | American | "for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone" | ||
| 1,956 | Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood(1897–1967) | British | "for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions" | ||
| Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov(1896–1986) | Soviet | — | — | — | |
| 1,957 | Lord (Alexander R.) Todd(1907–1997) | British | "for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes" | ||
| 1,958 | Frederick Sanger(1918–2013) | British | "for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin" | ||
| 1,959 | Jaroslav Heyrovský(1890–1967) | Czechoslovak | "for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis" | ||
| 1,960 | Willard Frank Libby(1908–1980) | American | "for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science" | ||
| 1,961 | Melvin Calvin(1911–1997) | American | "for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants" | ||
| 1,962 | Max Ferdinand Perutz(1914–2002) | Austrian British | "for their studies of the structures of globular proteins" | ||
| John Cowdery Kendrew(1917–1997) | British | — | — | — | |
| 1,963 | Karl Ziegler(1898–1973) | West German | "for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers" | ||
| Giulio Natta(1903–1979) | Italian | — | — | — | |
| 1,964 | Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin(1910–1994) | British | "for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances" | ||
| 1,965 | Robert Burns Woodward(1917–1979) | American | "for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis" | ||
| 1,966 | Robert S. Mulliken(1896–1986) | American | "for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method" | ||
| 1,967 | Manfred Eigen(1927–2019) | West German | "for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy" | ||
| Ronald George Wreyford Norrish(1897–1978) | British | — | — | — | |
| George Porter(1920–2002) | — | — | — | — | |
| 1,968 | Lars Onsager(1903–1976) | Norwegian American | "for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes" | ||
| 1,969 | Derek H. R. Barton(1918–1998) | British | "for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry" | ||
| Odd Hassel(1897–1981) | Norwegian | — | — | — | |
| 1,970 | Luis F. Leloir(1906–1987) | Argentine | "for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates" | ||
| 1,971 | Gerhard Herzberg(1904–1999) | West German Canadian | "for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals" | ||
| 1,972 | Christian B. Anfinsen(1916–1995) | American | "for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation" | ||
| Stanford Moore(1913–1982) | "for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule" | — | — | ||
| William H. Stein(1911–1980) | — | — | — | — | |
| 1,973 | Ernst Otto Fischer(1918–2007) | West German | "for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds" | ||
| Geoffrey Wilkinson(1921–1996) | British | — | — | — | |
| 1,974 | Paul J. Flory(1910–1985) | American | "for his fundamental work, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of macromolecules" | ||
| 1,975 | John Warcup Cornforth(1917–2013) | Australian British | "for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions" | ||
| Vladimir Prelog(1906–1998) | Yugoslavian Swiss | "for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions" | — | ||
| 1,976 | William N. Lipscomb(1919–2011) | American | "for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding" | ||
| 1,977 | Ilya Prigogine(1917–2003) | Belgian | "for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures" | ||
| 1,978 | Peter D. Mitchell(1920–1992) | British | "for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory" | ||
| 1,979 | Herbert C. Brown(1912–2004) | American | "for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis" | ||
| Georg Wittig(1897–1987) | West German | — | — | — | |
| 1,980 | Paul Berg(1926–2023) | American | "for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA" | ||
| Walter Gilbert(b. 1932) | "for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids" | — | — | ||
| Frederick Sanger(1918–2013) | British | — | — | — | |
| 1,981 | Kenichi Fukui(1918–1998) | Japanese | "for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions" | ||
| Roald Hoffmann(b. 1937) | Polish American | — | — | — | |
| 1,982 | Aaron Klug(1926–2018) | British | "for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes" | ||
| 1,983 | Henry Taube(1915–2005) | Canadian American | "for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes" | ||
| 1,984 | Robert Bruce Merrifield(1921–2006) | American | "for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix" | ||
| 1,985 | Herbert A. Hauptman(1917–2011) | American | "for their outstanding achievements in developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structures" | ||
| Jerome Karle(1918–2013) | — | — | — | — | |
| 1,986 | Dudley R. Herschbach(b. 1932) | American | "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes" | ||
| Yuan T. Lee(b. 1936) | Taiwanese | — | — | — | |
| John C. Polanyi(b. 1929) | Canadian | — | — | — | |
| 1,987 | Donald J. Cram(1919–2001) | American | "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity" | ||
| Jean-Marie Lehn(b. 1939) | French | — | — | — | |
| Charles J. Pedersen(1904–1989) | American | — | — | — | |
| 1,988 | Johann Deisenhofer(b. 1943) | West German | "for their determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre" | ||
| Robert Huber(b. 1937) | — | — | — | — | |
| Hartmut Michel(b. 1948) | — | — | — | — | |
| 1,989 | Sidney Altman(1939–2022) | Canadian American | "for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA" | ||
| Thomas Cech(b. 1947) | American | — | — | — | |
| 1,990 | Elias James Corey(b. 1928) | American | "for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis" | ||
| 1,991 | Richard R. Ernst(1933–2021) | Swiss | "for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy" | ||
| 1,992 | Rudolph A. Marcus(b. 1923) | Canadian American | "for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems" | ||
| 1,993 | Kary B. Mullis(1944–2019) | American | "for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry [...] for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method" | ||
| Michael Smith(1932–2000) | British Canadian | "for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry [...] for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies" | — | ||
| 1,994 | George A. Olah(1927–2017) | Hungarian American | "for his contribution to carbocation chemistry" | ||
| 1,995 | Paul J. Crutzen(1933–2021) | Dutch | "for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone" | ||
| Mario J. Molina(1943–2020) | Mexican | — | — | — | |
| Frank Sherwood Rowland(1927–2012) | American | — | — | — | |
| 1,996 | Robert F. Curl Jr.(1933–2022) | American | "for their discovery of fullerenes" | ||
| Sir Harold W. Kroto(1939–2016) | British | — | — | — | |
| Richard E. Smalley(1943–2005) | American | — | — | — | |
| 1,997 | Paul D. Boyer(1918–2018) | American | "for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)" | ||
| John E. Walker(b. 1941) | British | — | — | — | |
| Jens C. Skou(1918–2018) | Danish | "for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na, K -ATPase" | — | ||
| 1,998 | Walter Kohn(1923–2016) | Austrian American | "for his development of the density-functional theory" | ||
| John A. Pople(1925–2004) | British | "for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry" | — | ||
| 1,999 | Ahmed Zewail(1946–2016) | Egyptian American | "for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy" | ||
| 2,000 | Alan J. Heeger(b. 1936) | American | "for their discovery and development of conductive polymers" | ||
| Alan G. MacDiarmid(1927–2007) | New Zealander American | — | — | — | |
| Hideki Shirakawa(b. 1936) | Japanese | — | — | — | |
| 2,001 | William S. Knowles(1917–2012) | American | "for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions" | ||
| Ryōji Noyori(b. 1938) | Japanese | — | — | — | |
| K. Barry Sharpless(b. 1941) | American | "for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions" | — | ||
| 2,002 | John B. Fenn(1917–2010) | American | "for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules [...] for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules" | ||
| Koichi Tanaka(b. 1959) | Japanese | — | — | — | |
| Kurt Wüthrich(b. 1938) | Swiss | "for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules [...] for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution" | — | ||
| 2,003 | Peter Agre(b. 1949) | American | "for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes [...] for the discovery of water channels" | ||
| Roderick MacKinnon(b. 1956) | "for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes [...] for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels" | — | — | ||
| 2,004 | Aaron Ciechanover(b. 1947) | Israeli | "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation" | ||
| Avram Hershko(b. 1937) | — | — | — | — | |
| Irwin Rose(1926–2015) | American | — | — | — | |
| 2,005 | Yves Chauvin(1930–2015) | French | "for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis" | ||
| Robert H. Grubbs(1942–2021) | American | — | — | — | |
| Richard R. Schrock(b. 1945) | — | — | — | — | |
| 2,006 | Roger D. Kornberg(b. 1947) | American | "for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription" | ||
| 2,007 | Gerhard Ertl(b. 1936) | German | "for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces" | ||
| 2,008 | Osamu Shimomura(1928–2018) | Japanese | "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP" | ||
| Martin Chalfie(b. 1947) | American | — | — | — | |
| Roger Y. Tsien(1952–2016) | — | — | — | — | |
| 2,009 | Venkatraman Ramakrishnan(b. 1952) | British American | "for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome" | ||
| Thomas A. Steitz(1940–2018) | American | — | — | — | |
| Ada E. Yonath(b. 1939) | Israeli | — | — | — | |
| 2,010 | Richard F. Heck(1931–2015) | American | "for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis" | ||
| Ei-ichi Negishi(1935–2021) | Japanese | — | — | — | |
| Akira Suzuki(b. 1930) | — | — | — | — | |
| 2,011 | Dan Shechtman(b. 1941) | Israeli American | "for the discovery of quasicrystals" | ||
| 2,012 | Robert Lefkowitz(b. 1943) | American | "for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors" | ||
| Brian Kobilka(b. 1955) | — | — | — | — | |
| 2,013 | Martin Karplus(1930–2024) | Austrian American | "for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems" | ||
| Michael Levitt(b. 1947) | South African American British Israeli | — | — | — | |
| Arieh Warshel(b. 1940) | Israeli American | — | — | — | |
| 2,014 | Eric Betzig(b. 1960) | American | "for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy" | ||
| Stefan W. Hell(b. 1962) | Romanian German | — | — | — | |
| William E. Moerner(b. 1953) | American | — | — | — | |
| 2,015 | Tomas Lindahl(b. 1938) | Swedish British | "for mechanistic studies of DNA repair" | ||
| Paul L. Modrich(b. 1946) | American | — | — | — | |
| Aziz Sancar(b. 1946) | Turkish | — | — | — | |
| 2,016 | Jean-Pierre Sauvage(b. 1944) | French | "for the design and synthesis of molecular machines" | ||
| Fraser Stoddart(1942–2024) | British American | — | — | — | |
| Ben Feringa(b. 1951) | Dutch | — | — | — | |
| 2,017 | Jacques Dubochet(b. 1942) | Swiss | "for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution" | ||
| Joachim Frank(b. 1940) | German American | — | — | — | |
| Richard Henderson(b. 1945) | British | — | — | — | |
| 2,018 | Frances Arnold(b. 1956) | American | "for the directed evolution of enzymes" | ||
| George Smith(b. 1941) | "for the phage display of peptides and antibodies" | — | — | — | |
| Sir Gregory Winter(b. 1951) | British | — | — | — | |
| 2,019 | John B. Goodenough(1922–2023) | American | "for the development of lithium ion batteries" | ||
| M. Stanley Whittingham(b. 1941) | British American | — | — | — | |
| Akira Yoshino(b. 1948) | Japanese | — | — | — | |
| 2,020 | Emmanuelle Charpentier(b. 1968) | French | "for the development of a method for genome editing" | ||
| Jennifer Doudna(b. 1964) | American | — | — | — | |
| 2,021 | Benjamin List(b. 1968) | German | "for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis" | ||
| David W.C. MacMillan(b. 1968) | British | — | — | — | |
| 2,022 | Carolyn Bertozzi(b. 1966) | American | "for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry" | ||
| Morten Meldal(b. 1954) | Danish | — | — | — | |
| K. Barry Sharpless(b. 1941) | American | — | — | — | |
| 2,023 | Moungi G. Bawendi(b. 1961) | French Tunisian American | "for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots" | ||
| Louis E. Brus(1943–2026) | American | — | — | — | |
| Alexey Ekimov(b. 1945) | Russian | — | — | — | |
| 2,024 | David Baker(b. 1962) | American | "for computational protein design" | ||
| Demis Hassabis(b. 1976) | British | "for protein structure prediction" | — | — | |
| John M. Jumper(b. 1985) | American | — | — | — | |
| 2,025 | Susumu Kitagawa(b. 1951) | Japanese | "for the development of metal–organic frameworks" | ||
| Richard Robson(b. 1937) | British | — | — | — | |
| Omar M. Yaghi(b. 1965) | Jordanian American Saudi | — | — | — |
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