Science
Human Body Organs
Major organs of the human body with their physiological systems, functions, average weight, and fascinating facts.
sciencebiologyanatomyhuman bodymedicine
15 of 15 rows
Organ↕ | System↕ | Primary Function↕ | Average Weight (g)↕ | Can Transplant↕ | Interesting Fact↕ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heart | Cardiovascular | Pumps blood throughout the body | 310 | Yes | Beats about 100,000 times per day, pumping roughly 7,500 liters of blood |
| Brain | Nervous | Controls thought, memory, movement, and regulates body functions | 1,400 | No | Uses about 20% of the body's total energy despite being only 2% of body weight |
| Lungs | Respiratory | Gas exchange — oxygen in, carbon dioxide out | 1,100 | Yes | If flattened out, the surface area of the lungs would cover a tennis court (~70 sq m) |
| Liver | Digestive / Metabolic | Detoxification, bile production, nutrient metabolism, and storage | 1,500 | Yes | The only internal organ that can regenerate — as little as 25% can regrow to full size |
| Kidneys | Urinary / Excretory | Filter blood, remove waste, regulate fluid and electrolyte balance | 300 | Yes | Filter about 180 liters of blood per day, producing roughly 1.5 liters of urine |
| Stomach | Digestive | Breaks down food with acid and enzymes for nutrient absorption | 150 | No (rarely) | Produces a new mucus lining every 3-4 days to prevent self-digestion by its own acid |
| Pancreas | Digestive / Endocrine | Produces insulin and digestive enzymes | 80 | Yes | Produces about 1.5 liters of pancreatic juice daily for digestion |
| Small Intestine | Digestive | Primary site of nutrient absorption from digested food | 1,000 | Yes | About 6 meters long with an inner surface area of roughly 250 square meters due to villi |
| Large Intestine | Digestive | Absorbs water and electrolytes, forms and stores feces | 500 | No (rarely) | Houses trillions of gut bacteria that aid digestion and produce vitamins like vitamin K |
| Skin | Integumentary | Protects against infection, regulates temperature, sensory reception | 4,000 | Yes (grafts) | The body's largest organ at about 1.7 sq m; completely replaces itself every 2-3 weeks |
| Spleen | Lymphatic / Immune | Filters blood, recycles old red blood cells, stores white blood cells | 170 | No | You can live without it, but you become more susceptible to certain infections |
| Gallbladder | Digestive | Stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver for fat digestion | 50 | No | Can be surgically removed (cholecystectomy) with minimal long-term dietary effects |
| Bladder | Urinary | Stores urine until voluntary urination | 50 | No (rarely) | Can stretch to hold about 400-600 mL of urine, roughly the size of a grapefruit |
| Thyroid | Endocrine | Produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development | 25 | No | Shaped like a butterfly and located in the neck; affects nearly every cell in the body |
| Eyes | Nervous / Sensory | Detect light and convert it to electrochemical signals for vision | 15 | Partial (cornea) | Can distinguish approximately 10 million different colors and process 36,000 bits of info per hour |
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