History

Epidemics and Pandemics in History

Major epidemics and pandemics throughout history.

81 rows6 columns1 views0 downloadsSource: WikipediaUpdated: 2/22/2026
epidemicspandemicshealthhistory
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Event↕
Years↕
Location↕
Disease↕
Death toll (estimate)↕
Ref.↕
2000 Central America dengue epidemic2,000Central AmericaDengue fever40+
2001 Nigeria cholera epidemic2,001NigeriaCholera400+
2001 South Africa cholera epidemic2,001South AfricaCholera139
2002–2004 SARS outbreak2002–2004WorldwideSevere acute respiratory syndrome / SARS774
2003–2019 Asia and Egypt avian influenza epidemic2003–2019China, Southeast Asia and EgyptInfluenza A virus subtype H5N1455
2004 Indonesia dengue epidemic2,004IndonesiaDengue fever658
2004 Sudan Ebola outbreak2,004SudanEbola7
2004–2005 Angola Marburg virus outbreak2004–2005AngolaMarburg virus227
2005 dengue outbreak in Singapore2,005SingaporeDengue fever27
2006 Luanda cholera epidemic2,006Luanda, AngolaCholera1,200+
2006 Ituri Province plague epidemic2,006Ituri Province, Democratic Republic of the CongoBubonic plague61
2006 India malaria outbreak2,006IndiaMalaria17
2006 dengue outbreak in India2,006IndiaDengue fever50+
2006 dengue outbreak in Pakistan2,006PakistanDengue fever50+
2006 Philippines dengue epidemic2,006PhilippinesDengue fever1,000
2006–2007 East Africa Rift Valley fever outbreak2006–2007East AfricaRift Valley fever394
Mweka Ebola epidemic2,007Democratic Republic of the CongoEbola187
2007 Ethiopia cholera epidemic2,007EthiopiaCholera684
2007 Iraq cholera outbreak2,007IraqCholera10
2007 Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, and Mexico dengue fever epidemic2,007Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, MexicoDengue fever183
2007 Uganda Ebola outbreak2,007UgandaEbola37
2007 Netherlands Q-fever epidemic2007–2018NetherlandsQ-fever95
2008 Brazil dengue epidemic2,008BrazilDengue fever67
2008 Cambodia dengue epidemic2,008CambodiaDengue fever407
2008 Chad cholera epidemic2,008ChadCholera123
2008–2017 China hand, foot, and mouth disease epidemic2008–2017ChinaHand, foot, and mouth disease3,322+
2008 India cholera epidemic2,008IndiaCholera115
2008 Madagascar plague outbreak2,008MadagascarBubonic plague18+
2008 Philippines dengue epidemic2,008PhilippinesDengue fever172
2008 Zimbabwean cholera outbreak2008–2009ZimbabweCholera4,293
2009 Bolivian dengue fever epidemic2,009BoliviaDengue fever18
2009 Gujarat hepatitis outbreak2,009IndiaHepatitis B49
Queensland 2009 dengue outbreak2,009Queensland, AustraliaDengue fever1+ (503 cases)
2009–2010 West African meningitis outbreak2009–2010West AfricaMeningitis1,100
2009 swine flu pandemic2009–2010WorldwideInfluenza A virus subtype H1N1Lab confirmed deaths: 18,449 (reported to the WHO)
Estimated death toll: 284,000 (possible range 151,700–575,400)————
2010s Haiti cholera outbreak2010–2019HaitiCholera (strain serogroup O1, serotype Ogawa)10,075
2010–2014 Democratic Republic of the Congo measles outbreak2010–2014Democratic Republic of the CongoMeasles4,500+
2011 Vietnam hand, foot, and mouth disease epidemic2,011VietnamHand, foot, and mouth disease170
2011 dengue outbreak in Pakistan2,011PakistanDengue fever350+
2012 yellow fever outbreak in Darfur, Sudan2,012Darfur, SudanYellow fever171
2013 dengue outbreak in Singapore2,013SingaporeDengue fever8
2013 Vietnam measles outbreak2013–2014VietnamMeasles142
Western African Ebola virus epidemic2013–2016Worldwide, primarily concentrated in Guinea, Liberia, Sierra LeoneEbola11,323+
2013–2014 chikungunya outbreak2013–2015AmericasChikungunya183
2013–19 avian influenza epidemic2013–2019ChinaInfluenza A virus subtype H7N9616
21st century Madagascar plague outbreaks2014–2017MadagascarBubonic plague292
Flint water crisis2014–2015Flint, Michigan, United StatesLegionnaires' disease12
2014 Odisha hepatitis outbreak2014–2015IndiaPrimarily Hepatitis E, but also Hepatitis A36
2015 Indian swine flu outbreak2,015IndiaInfluenza A virus subtype H1N12,035
2015–16 Zika virus epidemic2015–2016WorldwideZika virus53
2016 Angola and Democratic Republic of the Congo yellow fever outbreak2,016Angola and Democratic Republic of the CongoYellow fever498 (377 in Angola, 121 in Congo)
2016–2022 Yemen cholera outbreak2016–2023YemenCholera4,004 (as of June 11, 2023)
2017 Nigeria Lassa fever epidemic2017–2023NigeriaLassa fever1103 (as of April 2023)
2017 dengue outbreak in Peshawar2,017Peshawar, PakistanDengue fever69
2017 Gorakhpur hospital deaths2,017IndiaJapanese encephalitis1,317
2017 dengue outbreak in Sri Lanka2,017Sri LankaDengue fever440
2018 Nipah virus outbreak in Kerala2,018IndiaNipah virus infection17
Kivu Ebola epidemic2018–2020Democratic Republic of the Congo and UgandaEbola2,280
2018 NDM-CRE outbreak in Italy2018–2019ItalyNew Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae31 (as of September 2019)
2019–2020 measles outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo2019–2020Democratic Republic of the CongoMeasles7,018+
2019–2020 New Zealand measles outbreak2019–2020New ZealandMeasles2
2019 measles outbreak in the Philippines2,019PhilippinesMeasles415
2019 Kuala Koh measles outbreak2,019Kuala Koh, MalaysiaMeasles15
2019 Samoa measles outbreak2,019SamoaMeasles83
2019–2020 dengue fever epidemic2019–2020Asia-Pacific, Latin AmericaDengue fever3,931
2020 Democratic Republic of the Congo Ebola outbreak2,020Democratic Republic of the CongoEbola55
2020 dengue outbreak in Singapore2,020SingaporeDengue fever32
2020 Nigeria yellow fever epidemic2,020NigeriaYellow fever296 (as of 31 December 2020)
2021 South Sudan disease outbreak2,021South SudanUnknown97 (as of December 2021)
2021 India black fungus epidemic2021–2022IndiaBlack fungus (COVID-19 condition)4,332
2022 hepatitis of unknown origin in children2021–2022WorldwideHepatitis by Adenovirus variant AF41 (Unconfirmed)18
2022–2024 Southern Africa cholera outbreak2022–2024Southern AfricaCholera11,400+
2022–2023 mpox outbreak2022–2023WorldwideMpox280
2022 Uganda Ebola outbreak2022–2023UgandaSudan ebolavirus77
2023–2024 Zambian cholera outbreak (part of the 2022–2024 Southern Africa cholera outbreak)2023–2024ZambiaCholera685
2023 South Poland Legionellosis outbreak2,023PolandLegionnaires' disease41
2023–2024 Bangsamoro measles outbreak2023–2024Bangsamoro, PhilippinesMeasles14
2023–2024 Oropouche virus disease outbreak2023–2024BrazilOropouche fever2
2024 American dengue epidemic2,024Latin America and the CaribbeanDengue fever9,875
2024 Kwango province malaria outbreak2,024Democratic Republic of the CongoMalaria143
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