Geography
Countries by Continent
Sovereign states organized by continent.
countriescontinentsgeographyworld
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Common and formal names↕ | Membership within the UN System↕ | Sovereignty dispute↕ | Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty↕ |
|---|---|---|---|
| ↓ UN member states and General Assembly observer states ↓ | |||
| Abkhazia → See Abkhazia listing | |||
| Albania – Republic of Albania | UN member state | None | |
| Andorra – Principality of Andorra | UN member state | None | Andorra is a co-principality in which the office of head of state is jointly held ex officio by the French president and the bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Urgell, who himself is appointed with approval from the Holy See. |
| Armenia – Republic of Armenia | UN member state | None | |
| Austria – Republic of Austria | UN member state | None | Member of the European Union. Austria is a federation of nine states. |
| Azerbaijan – Republic of Azerbaijan | UN member state | None | Azerbaijan contains one autonomous region, Nakhchivan. |
| Belarus – Republic of Belarus | UN member state | None | Many states rescinded their recognition of President Alexander Lukashenko following the disputed 2020 election. Lithuania currently recognizes Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya's Coordination Council as the legitimate government of Belarus. |
| Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium | UN member state | None | Member of the EU. Belgium is a federation of three linguistic communities and three regions. |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | UN member state | None | Bosnia and Herzegovina has two constituent entities: Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Republika Srpska and Brčko District, a self-governing administrative district. |
| Bulgaria – Republic of Bulgaria | UN member state | None | Member of the EU. |
| Croatia – Republic of Croatia | UN member state | None | Member of the EU. |
| Cyprus – Republic of Cyprus | UN member state | Not recognised by Turkey | Member of the EU. The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state of Northern Cyprus. Cyprus is not recognised by Turkey due to the Cyprus dispute, with Turkey recognising Northern Cyprus. |
| Czech Republic | UN member state | None | Member of the EU. |
| Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark | UN member state | None | Member of the EU. The Kingdom of Denmark includes 2 self-governing territories: Faroe Islands Greenland The continental territory of Denmark, the Faroe Islands, and Greenland form the three constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Danish Realm. The Kingdom of Denmark as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law does not apply to the Faroe Islands and Greenland. |
| Estonia – Republic of Estonia | UN member state | None | Member of the EU. |
| Finland – Republic of Finland | UN member state | None | Member of the EU. Åland is a neutral and demilitarised autonomous region of Finland. |
| France – French Republic | UN member state | None | Member of the EU. France contains five overseas regions/departments: French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Réunion. France also includes the overseas territories of: Clipperton Island French Polynesia New Caledonia Saint Barthélemy Saint Martin Saint Pierre and Miquelon Wallis and Futuna French Southern and Antarctic Lands |
| Georgia | UN member state | None | Georgia contains two autonomous republics, Adjara and Abkhazia. In Abkhazia and South Ossetia, de facto states have been formed. |
| Germany – Federal Republic of Germany | UN member state | None | Member of the EU. Germany is a federation of 16 states. |
| Greece – Hellenic Republic | UN member state | None | Member of the EU. Greece contains one autonomous area, Mount Athos. |
| Holy See → See Vatican City listing | |||
| Hungary | UN member state | None | Member of the EU. |
| Iceland | UN member state | None | |
| Ireland | UN member state | None | Member of the EU. |
| Italy – Italian Republic | UN member state | None | Member of the EU. Italy has 5 autonomous regions, Aosta Valley, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Sardinia, Sicily and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. |
| Kazakhstan – Republic of Kazakhstan | UN member state | None | |
| Kosovo → See Kosovo listing | |||
| Latvia – Republic of Latvia | UN member state | None | Member of the EU. |
| Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein | UN member state | None | |
| Lithuania – Republic of Lithuania | UN member state | None | Member of the EU. |
| Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg | UN member state | None | Member of the EU. |
| Macedonia → See North Macedonia listing | |||
| Malta – Republic of Malta | UN member state | None | Member of the EU. |
| Moldova – Republic of Moldova | UN member state | None | Moldova has the autonomous regions of Gagauzia and the Left Bank of the Dniester. The latter, as well as the city of Bender (Tighina), are under the de facto control of Transnistria. |
| Monaco – Principality of Monaco | UN member state | None | |
| Montenegro | UN member state | None | |
| Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands | UN member state | None | Member of the EU. The Kingdom of the Netherlands includes four areas with substantial autonomy: Aruba Curaçao Netherlands Sint Maarten Metropolitan Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten form the four constituent countries of the Kingdom. Three other overseas territories (Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius) are special municipalities of metropolitan Netherlands. The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law applies only to parts within Europe. |
| North Macedonia – Republic of North Macedonia | UN member state | None | |
| Northern Cyprus → See Northern Cyprus listing | |||
| Norway – Kingdom of Norway | UN member state | None | Norway has two unincorporated areas in Europe: Svalbard is an integral part of Norway, but has a special status due to the Svalbard Treaty. Jan Mayen is an uninhabited island that is an integral part of Norway, although unincorporated. Norway has one dependent territory and two claimed Antarctic dependent territories in the Southern Hemisphere: Bouvet Island Peter I Island Queen Maud Land |
| Poland – Republic of Poland | UN member state | None | Member of the EU. |
| Portugal – Portuguese Republic | UN member state | None | Member of the EU. Portugal contains two autonomous regions, the Azores and Madeira. |
| Pridnestrovie → See Transnistria listing | |||
| Romania | UN member state | None | Member of the EU. |
| Russia – Russian Federation | UN member state | None | Russia is a federation of 85 federal subjects (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics. |
| San Marino – Republic of San Marino | UN member state | None | |
| Serbia – Republic of Serbia | UN member state | None | Serbia contains two autonomous regions, Vojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija. The latter is under the de facto control of Kosovo. |
| Slovakia – Slovak Republic | UN member state | None | Member of the EU. |
| Slovenia – Republic of Slovenia | UN member state | None | Member of the EU. |
| South Ossetia → See South Ossetia listing | |||
| Spain – Kingdom of Spain | UN member state | None | Member of the EU. Spain is divided into 17 autonomous communities and two special autonomous cities. |
| Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden | UN member state | None | Member of the EU. |
| Switzerland – Swiss Confederation | UN member state | None | Switzerland is a federation of 26 cantons. |
| Transnistria → See Transnistria listing | |||
| Turkey – Republic of Türkiye | UN member state | None | |
| Ukraine | UN member state | None | Ukraine contains one autonomous region, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, which is under the de facto control of Russia, along with neighbouring Sevastopol, parts of the Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts. |
| United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | UN member state | None | Former EU member. The United Kingdom is a Commonwealth realm consisting of four constituent countries; England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The United Kingdom has the following 13 overseas territories and one claimed Antarctic dependent territory: Akrotiri and Dhekelia Anguilla Bermuda British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Falkland Islands Gibraltar Montserrat Pitcairn Islands Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Turks and Caicos Islands British Antarctic Territory The British monarch also has direct sovereignty over three self-governing Crown Dependencies: Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey |
| Vatican City – Vatican City State | UN General Assembly observer state under the designation of "Holy See"; member of three UN specialized agencies and the IAEA | None | Administered by the Holy See, a sovereign entity with diplomatic relations to 183 states. This figure consists of 180 UN member states, the Cook Islands, the Republic of China (Taiwan), and the State of Palestine. In addition, the European Union and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta maintain diplomatic relations with the Holy See. The Holy See is a member of the IAEA, ITU, UPU, and WIPO and a permanent observer of the UN (in the category of "Non-member State") and multiple other UN System organizations. The Vatican City is governed by officials appointed by the Pope, who is the Bishop of the Diocese of Rome and ex officio sovereign of Vatican City. |
| ↑ UN member states and General Assembly observer states ↑ | |||
| ↓ Other states ↓ | |||
| Abkhazia – Republic of Abkhazia | No membership | BClaimed by AfghanistanClaimed by GeorgiaClaimed by North Korea Claimed by Serbia Claimed by Somalia Claimed by the People's Republic of China Claimed by the Republic of China Claimed by South Korea Claimed by Azerbaijan Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus Disputed by Israel Claimed by Indonesia Claimed by the Marshall Islands Claimed by Mauritius Claimed by Morocco Claimed by Moldova Claimed by Mali Claimed by Spain Claimed by Argentina Claimed by Ukraine Claimed by Pakistan | Recognised by Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Syria, Venezuela, South Ossetia and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia. |
| Kosovo – Republic of Kosovo | Member of two UN specialized agencies | BClaimed by AfghanistanClaimed by GeorgiaClaimed by North Korea Claimed by Serbia Claimed by Somalia Claimed by the People's Republic of China Claimed by the Republic of China Claimed by South Korea Claimed by Azerbaijan Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus Disputed by Israel Claimed by Indonesia Claimed by the Marshall Islands Claimed by Mauritius Claimed by Morocco Claimed by Moldova Claimed by Mali Claimed by Spain Claimed by Argentina Claimed by Ukraine Claimed by Pakistan | Pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, Kosovo was placed under the administration of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo in 1999. Kosovo declared independence in 2008, and it has received diplomatic recognition from 118 UN member states and the Republic of China, while 18 states have recognized Kosovo only to later withdraw their recognition. Serbia continues to maintain its sovereignty claim over Kosovo. Other UN member states and non UN member states continue to recognise Serbian sovereignty or have taken no position on the question. Kosovo is a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group. The Republic of Kosovo has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control in North Kosovo. |
| Northern Cyprus – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus | No membership | BClaimed by AfghanistanClaimed by GeorgiaClaimed by North Korea Claimed by Serbia Claimed by Somalia Claimed by the People's Republic of China Claimed by the Republic of China Claimed by South Korea Claimed by Azerbaijan Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus Disputed by Israel Claimed by Indonesia Claimed by the Marshall Islands Claimed by Mauritius Claimed by Morocco Claimed by Moldova Claimed by Mali Claimed by Spain Claimed by Argentina Claimed by Ukraine Claimed by Pakistan | Recognised only by Turkey. Under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", it is an observer state of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Economic Cooperation Organization. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the Republic of Cyprus. |
| South Ossetia – Republic of South Ossetia – State of Alania | No membership | BClaimed by AfghanistanClaimed by GeorgiaClaimed by North Korea Claimed by Serbia Claimed by Somalia Claimed by the People's Republic of China Claimed by the Republic of China Claimed by South Korea Claimed by Azerbaijan Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus Disputed by Israel Claimed by Indonesia Claimed by the Marshall Islands Claimed by Mauritius Claimed by Morocco Claimed by Moldova Claimed by Mali Claimed by Spain Claimed by Argentina Claimed by Ukraine Claimed by Pakistan | A de facto independent state, recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Syria, Venezuela, Abkhazia and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia. |
| Transnistria – Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic | No membership | BClaimed by AfghanistanClaimed by GeorgiaClaimed by North Korea Claimed by Serbia Claimed by Somalia Claimed by the People's Republic of China Claimed by the Republic of China Claimed by South Korea Claimed by Azerbaijan Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus Disputed by Israel Claimed by Indonesia Claimed by the Marshall Islands Claimed by Mauritius Claimed by Morocco Claimed by Moldova Claimed by Mali Claimed by Spain Claimed by Argentina Claimed by Ukraine Claimed by Pakistan | A de facto independent state, recognised only by Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Claimed in whole by Moldova as the Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester. |
| ↑ Other states ↑ | |||
| ↓ Dependent Territories ↓ | |||
| Akrotiri and Dhekelia – Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia | British Overseas Territory | None | |
| Bailiwick of Guernsey → Guernsey, Bailiwick of | |||
| Bailiwick of Jersey → Jersey | |||
| Faroe Islands | Danish Autonomous Territory | None | |
| Gibraltar | British Overseas Territory | BClaimed by AfghanistanClaimed by GeorgiaClaimed by North Korea Claimed by Serbia Claimed by Somalia Claimed by the People's Republic of China Claimed by the Republic of China Claimed by South Korea Claimed by Azerbaijan Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus Disputed by Israel Claimed by Indonesia Claimed by the Marshall Islands Claimed by Mauritius Claimed by Morocco Claimed by Moldova Claimed by Mali Claimed by Spain Claimed by Argentina Claimed by Ukraine Claimed by Pakistan | |
| Guernsey, Bailiwick of | British Crown Dependency | None | |
| Isle of Man | British Crown Dependency | None | |
| Jan Mayen | Norwegian Territory | None | |
| Jersey – Bailiwick of Jersey | British Crown Dependency | None | |
| Svalbard | Norwegian Territory | None | |
| Åland | Finnish Autonomous Region | None | |
| ↑ Dependent Territories ↑ |
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